9. Show how the political Church, itself the State, was the natural outcome during the Middle Ages of the teachings of the early Christians as to the relationship of Church and State. 10. Is it to be wondered that the Romans were finally led to persecute "the vast organized defiance of law by the Christians"? 11. Show how the Christian idea of the equality and responsibility of all gave the citizen a new place in the State. 12. State the reasons for the gradually increasing lack of sympathy and understanding between the eastern and western Fathers of the Church, and which finally led to the division of the Church. 13. Explain what is meant by "a State within a State" as applied to the Church of the third and fourth centuries. Did this prove to be a good thing for the future of civilization? Why? 14. Would Rome probably have been better able to withstand the barbarian invasions if Christianity had not arisen, or not? Why? 15. Show how the Christian attitude toward pagan learning tended to stop schools and destroy the accumulated learning. 16. What was the effect of the Christian attitude toward the care of the body, on scientific and medical knowledge, and on education? Was the Christian or the pagan attitude more nearly like that of modern times? 17. Why did the emphasis on form of belief, in the third and fourth centuries, come to supersede the emphasis on personal virtues and simple faith of the first and second centuries? 18. Compare the work of the Sunday School of to-day with the catechumenal instruction of the early Christians. SELECTED READINGS In the accompanying _Book of Readings_ the following selections are reproduced: 27. The Talmud: Educational Maxims from. 28. Saint Paul: Epistle to the Romans. 29. Saint Paul: To the Athenians. 30. The Crimes of the Christians. (a) Minucius Felix: The Roman Point of View. (b) Tertullian: The Christian Point of View. 31. Persecution of the Christians as Disloyal Subjects of the Empire. (a) Pliny to Trajan. (b) Trajan to Pliny. 32. Tertullian: Effect of the Persecutions. 33. Eusebius: Edicts of Diocletian against the Christians. 34. Workman: Certificate of having Sacrificed to the Pagan Gods. 35. Kingsley: The Empire and Christianity in Conflict. 36. Lactantius: The Edict of Toleration by Galerius. 37. Theodosian Code: The Faith of Catholic Christians. 38. Theodosian Code: Privileges and Immunities granted the Clergy. 39. Apostolic Constitutions: How the Catechumens are to be instructed. 40. Leach: Catechumenal Schools of the Early Church. 41. Apostolic Constitutions: Christians should abstain from all Heathen Books. 42. The Nicene Creed of 325 A.D. 43. Saint Benedict: Extracts from the Rule of. 44. Lanfranc: Enforcing Lenten Reading in the Monasteries. 45. Saint Jerome: Letter on the Education of Girls. QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS