The history of England, from the earliest times to the Norman ConquestHodgkin, Thomas
History
The history of England, from the earliest times to the Norman Conquest
Hodgkin, Thomas
Great Britain -- History -- To 1066
Plautius had therefore hard work to discover his foe, but he did
at last come to close quarters, first with Caratacus and then with
Togodumnus, both of whom he overcame. Either now or in the following
operations, Togodumnus perished, but his brother survived to be for
many years a thorn in the side of the Roman general. A British tribe
named the Boduni, of whose geographical position we are ignorant,
but who were subjects of the Catuvellauni, came in and offered their
submission. Plautius left a garrison among them and marching forward
arrived at the banks of a river, possibly the Medway, which the
barbarians fondly hoped could not be traversed without a bridge.
The Roman general, however, had in his army many Gaulish soldiers,
probably those dwelling near the mouths of the Rhine and the Waal, who
were accustomed to swim with all their armour on across the swiftest
streams. These men, at the word of command, plunged into the river,
swam across, attacked the dismayed and carelessly encamped barbarians,
and directing their weapons especially against the horses harnessed to
the chariots made the usual cavalry tactics of the Britons impossible.
The young Vespasian (future emperor, and conqueror of the Jews) and his
brother Sabinus were ordered to lead some more troops across the stream
and complete the victory, which they did, slaying multitudes of the
barbarians. Still the Britons made a stubborn resistance, till at last
an officer named Cnæus Hosidius Geta, a kind of Roman paladin who had
before this done knightly deeds in fighting against the Moors, almost
single-handed and at the imminent risk of capture, achieved a victory
which compelled them to retire, and for which he received the honours
of a triumph.
Hereupon the Britons withdrew behind the Thames, at that time and place
a broad and shallow stream flowing wide over the marshes of Essex.
The barbarians knew well its deeps and its shallows, and could find
their way across it in safety. Not so the Romans, who suffered severe
loss in attempting to follow them. As a mere question of strategy
Plautius could probably have marched up the stream and crossed it at
some narrower part of its course. He determined, however, to reserve
this achievement for the emperor who had apparently already arranged
to visit Britain and pluck the laurels planted for him by his general.
Claudius prepared reinforcements, including, we are told, a number
of elephants (not very serviceable, one would have thought, in the
Essex marshes), sailed from his own port of Ostia to Marseilles,
then travelled, chiefly by water, up and down the great rivers of
Gaul, arrived at the camp of Plautius, crossed the Thames, the proper
appliances having no doubt been prepared by the loyal general, and then
marched on Camulodunum, which he took, making the palace of Cunobelinus
his own. The fall of the powerful kingdom of the Catuvellauni brought
with it the submission, voluntary or forced, of many neighbouring
tribes.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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