[Footnote 221: "According to Scripture, it is by no means proper that one who would be a Christian should set himself against his superiors, whether by God's permission they act justly or unjustly. But a Christian must suffer violence and wrong, especially from his superiors.... As the emperor continues emperor, and princes, though they transgress all God's commandments, yea, even if they be heathen, so they do even when they do not observe their oath and duty.... Sin does not suspend authority and allegiance" (De Wette, iii. 560).] [Footnote 222: Ranke, _Reformation_, iii. 183.] [Footnote 223: Ranke, iv. 7; Juergens, iii. 601.] [Footnote 224: Newman, _Lectures on Justification_, p. 386.] [Footnote 225: "Was durch ordentliche Gewalt geschieht, ist nicht fuer Aufruhr zu halten" (Bensen, p. 269; Jarcke, _Studien_, p. 312; Janet, ii. 40).] [Footnote 226: "Princes, and all rulers and governments, however pious and God-fearing they may be, cannot be without sin in their office and temporal administration.... They cannot always be so exactly just and successful as some wiseacres suppose; therefore they are above all in need of the forgiveness of sins" (see Kaltenborn, p. 209).] [Footnote 227: "Of old, under the Papacy, princes and lords, and all judges, were very timid in shedding blood, and punishing robbers, murderers, thieves, and all manner of evil-doers; for they knew not how to distinguish a private individual who is not in office from one in office, charged with the duty of punishing.... The executioner had always to do penance, and to apologise beforehand to the convicted criminal for what he was going to do to him, just as if it was sinful and wrong." "Thus they were persuaded by monks to be gracious, indulgent, and peaceable. But authorities, princes and lords ought not to be merciful" (_Table-Talk_, iv. 159, 160).] [Footnote 228: "Den weltlichen Bann sollten Koenige und Kaiser wieder aufrichten, denn wir koennen ihn jetzt nicht anrichten.... Aber so wir nicht koennen die Suende des Lebens bannen und strafen, so bannen wir doch die Suende der Lehre" (Bruns, _Luther's Predigten_, 63).] [Footnote 229: "Wo sie solche Rottengeister wuerden zulassen und leiden, so sie es doch wehren und vorkommen koennen, wuerden sie ihre Gewissen graeulich beschweren, und vielleicht nimmermehr widder stillen koennen, nicht allein der Seelen halben, die dadurch verfuehrt und verdammt werden ... sondern auch der gauzen heiligen Kirchen halben" (De Wette, iv. 355).] [Footnote 230: "Nu ist alle Abgoetterey gegen die Messe ein geringes" (De Wette, v. 191; sec. iv. 307)] [Footnote 231: Bucholtz, iii. 570.] [Footnote 232: "Sie aber verachten die Schrift muthwilliglich, darum waeren sie billig aus der einigen Ursach zu stillen, oder nicht zu leiden" (De Wette, iii. 90).]