The History of Java, v. 1-2Raffles, Thomas Stamford, Sir
History
The History of Java, v. 1-2
Raffles, Thomas Stamford, Sir
Java (Indonesia) -- History
the smoke, although it does not appear that any particular kind of wood
is used for fuel. When dried in the sun, the bean becomes of a pale
bleached colour, is larger, specifically lighter, and more insipid to
the taste than the former. The most common mode of freeing the bean
from the husk is, to pound the berries when dry in a bag of buffalo's
hide, great care being taken not to bruise the bean. A mill of simple
construction is sometimes used, but is not found to answer so well. The
coffee being then separated from the husk, is put into bags or baskets,
and kept on raised platforms till the season of delivery, when it is
carried down to the storehouse, sometimes by men, but generally on the
backs of buffaloes and mares, in strings of fifteen hundred or two
thousand at a time.
In the _Súnda_ districts there have been, for many years past, three
principal depôts for receiving the coffee from the cultivators; viz.
at _Buitenzorg_, _Chikàn_, and _Karang-sámbang_. From _Buitenzorg_ it
is either sent direct to Batavia by land in carts, or by the way of
_Linkong_, whence it is forwarded in boats by the river _Chi-dáni_.
From _Chikàn_ the coffee is sent in boats down the river _Chi-táram_,
and thence along the sea-coast to Batavia. From _Karang-sámbang_ it is
sent down the river _Chi-mánok_ to _Indra-máyu_, where it is received
into extensive warehouses, and whence it is now generally exported for
the European market.
Under this system, the _Súnda_ districts were estimated to afford an
annual produce of one hundred thousand _píkuls_ of one hundred and
thirty-three pounds and a quarter each, and it was calculated that
the young plantations in the eastern districts, when they should come
into bearing, would produce an equal quantity; but in this latter
quarter, many of the gardens had been fixed on ill-judged spots, and
the inhabitants were averse to the new and additional burden which
this cultivation imposed upon their labour. Had the system, therefore,
even been persevered in, and enforced by a despotic authority, it is
questionable, whether the quantity anticipated in the above estimate,
or even one half of it, would have been obtained from the eastern
districts. The _Súndas_ living in an inland and mountainous country,
and having been long accustomed to the hardship of the coffee culture,
are less sensible of its pressure than the rest of their countrymen:
time and habit have reconciled them to what was at first revolting,
and what must always be considered as unjust; their modes of life,
their arts, their domestic economy, and other social habits, have all
adapted themselves to a species of labour, which was at first forced
upon them; and a state of servitude, which the philosopher would
lament as a degradation, is scarcely felt to be a grievance by them.
Instances, however, are not wanting, in which the usual measure of
exaction having been surpassed, they have been awakened to a sense of
their wretchedness.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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