The History of Java, v. 1-2Raffles, Thomas Stamford, Sir
History
The History of Java, v. 1-2
Raffles, Thomas Stamford, Sir
Java (Indonesia) -- History
1st sort Two-fifths of the estimated produce.
2d do. One-third ditto.
3d do. One-fourth ditto.
"Government," it is said in the eighty-fifth section, "think it
necessary to declare explicitly, that they will be satisfied when
the land revenue shall be productive to them in these proportions,
determining at no future period to raise the scale; so that the
inhabitants, being thus exactly acquainted with what will form the
utmost demand on them, and resting in full confidence that government
will not exact any thing further, may in that security enjoy their
possessions in undisturbed happiness, and apply their utmost industry
to the improvement of their lands; assured that, while they conduct
themselves well, that land will never be taken from them, and that the
more productive they can render it, the more beneficial it will be for
themselves."
The government share might either be received in money or in kind from
the _sáwah_ lands; but the _tégal_ produce, though estimated in maize,
was always, if possible, to be commuted into money at the lowest price
in the market; and as cultivators generally held portions of both, this
rule, it was conceived, could not be considered generally as a hardship.
In the first settlement, leases were only granted for a year, or at
the utmost three years, and were given to intermediate renters; but in
the more detailed settlement of 1814, after sufficient information had
been collected on the state of the country, government determined to
act directly with the individual cultivator, and to lay the foundation
of a permanent system. By this latter period, the experiments have been
tried to a certain extent, and had succeeded beyond the most sanguine
expectation. Difficulties met us in the way, but they were by no means
insurmountable; there were at first imperfections in the system, but
they did not affect its principle, and were easily removed. By the
zeal, the ability, and industry of the various officers entrusted with
the execution of the duty, whatever was practicable in furtherance of
the object in which they felt deeply interested, was accomplished. In
the course of the years 1814 and 1815, the new system was introduced
into _Bantam_, _Chéribon_, and the eastern districts, over a population
of a million and a half of cultivators, not only without disturbance
and opposition, but to the satisfaction of all classes of the natives,
and to the manifest increase of the public revenue derivable from land.
In several journies which I undertook into the different provinces,
for the purposes of examining in person the effect of the progressive
system of reform which I had the happiness to introduce, and of lending
the sanction of official authority to such modifications of it as
local circumstances might render advisable, I was a pleased spectator
of its beneficial tendency, and of the security and satisfaction it
universally diffused.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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