~ward~: a division of the City. The ~ward mote~ or ward meeting still exists, and elects the alderman or representative of the ward on the City Council. 11. THE WALL OF LONDON. The ~White Tower~ is the 'keep' or central part of the Tower of London, begun by William the Conqueror and finished by the Red King. It is 92 feet high and the walls are 17 feet thick. ~Dowgate~: the site of one of the gates of Old London Wall is near where Cannon Street Railway Station now stands: here the Walbrook fell into the Thames. ~Queen Hithe~: 'The Queen's Landing Place.' Merchants were compelled to land their goods here so that the dues paid should go to the Queen. ~confluence~: a flowing together, the place where two rivers meet. The Fleet fell into the Thames at Blackfriars. (Latin _cum_, with, together; _fluo_, to flow. Compare, _fluid_, _fluent_.) ~Montfichet's Tower~ was near Baynard's Castle, at the south-west corner of the old walls in Blackfriars. Both were named after the Norman tenants who occupied them. ~Houndsditch~ is now a cross street joining Bishopgate Street and Aldgate, with a Church of St. Botolph at each end of it. It adjoined the moat or ditch round the City wall. ~Allhallows~: the same as All Saints--all the saints to whom churches were often dedicated, and whose memory is celebrated on November 1, which is All Saints' Day. ~St. Giles, Cripplegate~, contains in its churchyard part of London Wall. Milton was buried here in 1674. 12. NORMAN LONDON. ~Bishop and Portreeve~: the two chief officers of the City, one ruling for the Church, the other a civil ruler. ~charter~: a writing confirming or granting privileges. ~burghers~ or burgesses: citizens of a borough. ~Guildhall~ contains the necessary offices and accommodation for the guild or corporation, town clerk, &c., the City library, museum and law courts, and a great hall that will hold 7,000 persons. ~feudal claims~: demands made on their tenants by owners under the feudal system. Such demands were usually for military service or something equivalent. ~Matilda~, daughter of Henry I., and mother of Henry II., and widow of the Emperor Henry V. of Germany, was the opponent of Stephen (1100-1135) in the civil war of his reign. She gave London as 'a demesne' to the Earl of Essex, with the Tower as his castle. ~Danegeld~, or Dane money: a tax raised to buy off the Danes. ~Sheriff~, or shire-reeve, governor of a shire, was the king's representative in each shire: he collected the revenue, called out and led the soldiers, and administered justice. ~Justiciar~: judge. It was one of the privileges of the City to have a judge of its own to try cases within its own limits. ~stipulated~: bargained for. ~constitution~: form of government. ~priory~: a house for monks or nuns under the rule of a prior or prioress. ~St. Katherine Cree~: this church is in Leadenhall Street, near Aldgate. Cree in this name is for Christ.