~metropolitan~: the bishop of a metropolis or chief cathedral city, as Canterbury is the metropolis of England in this sense. ~ordinances~: laws, commands. 15. LONDON BRIDGE. PART I. ~Architect~: one who designs buildings and superintends the building of them. ~Jewry~: the district in a town inhabited by the Jews; for in early times the Jews were not allowed to live where they liked, but only in quarters assigned to them. The street now called Old Jewry turns out of the Poultry, on the north side. ~essential~: something very important and that cannot be done without. ~intercommunication~: intercourse; dealings between people which are made much easier by having good roads and bridges to travel on. ~La Rochelle~: a seaport in France on the Atlantic, some distance north of Bordeaux. ~Saintes~: a French town about thirty-eight miles from La Rochelle. ~St. Thomas Becket~, the murdered Archbishop of Canterbury, who was canonised, that is, named a saint after his death. ~titular~: giving his name to the bridge. ~crypt~: an underground or lower room used as a chapel or burying-place. 16. LONDON BRIDGE. PART II. ~King Edward I~: 1272-1307 A.D. ~haberdashers~: dealers in 'small wares' such as cotton, tape, needles, and pins. ~Hans Holbein~: a celebrated German painter who came to live in England and was introduced to Henry VIII. ~marine painters~: artists who excel in painting boats, ships, and sea scenes. (Latin _mare_, the sea.) ~'shooting' the bridge~: passing through the arches in a boat. ~Queen Henrietta~ was the queen of Charles I. of England. After the Civil War she withdrew to France, where she died in 1669. ~Rubens~: a very celebrated Flemish painter, born in 1577, died at Antwerp in 1640. ~Sir Thomas Wyatt~ headed a rebellion in Kent, which was provoked by Mary's marriage with Philip of Spain and the restoration of Roman Catholicism. He was about to cross London Bridge, but finding this impossible crossed the Thames at Kingston. The rising was a failure, and Wyatt was executed, 1554. ~Sir William Wallace~: a brave Scotch gentleman who led the Scotch against Edward I., who was trying to deprive Scotland of its independence. Wallace was finally taken and executed as a traitor at Tyburn, 1305. ~Jack Cade~ headed a rebellion in Kent in 1450 through dissatisfaction with the government of Henry VI.: 30,000 rebels gathered on Blackheath, but the movement ended in failure and Cade was slain. ~Sir Thomas More~: the good and learned chancellor of Henry VIII., and author of a famous book called 'Utopia.' He was executed as a traitor in 1535. ~St. Thomas-on-the-Bridge~: that is, Thomas Becket, to whom the bridge was dedicated. ~pageant~: a splendid show or procession. ~ex-apprentice~: one who has been once an apprentice. 17. THE TOWER OF LONDON. PART I. ~Dominate~: to lord over, to overawe, to be master of. (Latin _dominus_, a master, lord.)