~Charter House~: the house of the Carthusian monks. ~Temple~: once the house of the ~Templars~, an order of knights whose duty it was to protect the Holy Sepulchre. ~part of the church ... still to be seen~: at Clerkenwell the gate of the priory of St. John's is still standing. 27. MONKS, FRIARS, AND NUNS. ~Indiscriminately~: without making any distinctions between them. ~hermit~, from the Greek, and ~solitary~, from the Latin, mean the same thing--one who retires from the world and lives in a lonely place. ~Monte Casino~, in Campania, near Naples, where St. Benedict established his monastery in 529 A.D. ~St. Benedict~ is often shortened to Benet, as in the name of several London churches. ~austerities~: severe rules of life and conduct. ~Friars~, or brethren (French _freres_, Latin _fratres_): those orders that went forth to the people. ~Assisi~: a town in Central Italy where St. Francis was born. ~St. Dominic~: born in Castile, in Spain, 1170, died 1221; founded his order to convert 'heretics,' and procured the establishment of the ~Inquisition~, or court for punishing heretics. ~Sanctuary~: a refuge where criminals were safe from the law. Sir W. Scott in the 'Fortunes of Nigel' well describes the lawless character of this district in the reign of James I. ~St. Bernard~: a celebrated brother of the Cistercian Order (born 1091, died 1153). 28. THE LONDON CHURCHES. ~St. Augustine~ was sent by Pope Gregory the Great in 597 to convert the heathen English: he was the 'Apostle of the English,' and first Archbishop of Canterbury. ~St. Dunstan~, who became Archbishop of Canterbury and died in 988, was not only a zealous priest but a great statesman and ruler. ~St. Alphege~: an Archbishop of Canterbury murdered by the Danes in 1012 A.D. ~Sise Lane~: a lane in the City, near Cannon Street. ~The Basings~: an old City family whose name also survives in the 'Bassishaw' ward of the City, and in Basinghall Street. ~Bread Street~, turning out of Cheapside, shows where the bakers chiefly dwelt in Old London. ~John Milton~ (born 1608, died 1674) wrote 'Paradise Lost,' 'Paradise Regained,' and some beautiful shorter pieces. ~Three Poets~: i. the Greek Homer, reputed author of those noble epics the 'Iliad' and 'Odyssey' (about 1000 B.C.); ii. the Roman Virgil, who wrote the 'AEneid' (born 70 B.C.); iii. the English Milton. The famous epitaph was written by John Dryden. ~William Tyndal~ assisted the Reformation by translating the New Testament into English (1526), and part of the Old Testament. He was burnt as a heretic at Vilvoorde, near Brussels, in 1536. ~William Cowper~ (born 1731, died 1800), the author of 'The Task' and other beautiful poems. 29. THE STREETS. ~Plantagenet~: Henry II., 1154-1189, was the first of the line of kings bearing this name, so called from the badge worn by Henry's father, a sprig of broom.