~bond~: a written obligation binding someone to pay a sum of money. When money was needed the King used to borrow from wealthy citizens and give a bond or promise to repay. ~St. Michael's Paternoster Royal~ is in College Hill, near Cannon Street. The church was so called from the Tower Royal given by Edward III. in 1331 to his queen, Philippa, for her wardrobe. 33. GIFTS AND BEQUESTS. ~Mark~: a coin, now obsolete, worth 13_s._ 4_d._ ~interdicted~: forbidden, prevented. ~technical school~: where useful and practical arts and trades are taught. ~aqueduct~: an artificial channel for water. ~Sevenoaks~, in Kent. ~Higham Ferrers~ is a small town in Northamptonshire. 34. THE PALACES AND GREAT HOUSES. ~The King Maker~: Warwick was so called because he helped Edward IV. to become king in 1461, and restored Henry VI. for a time in 1470. He was slain at the battle of Barnet, 1471. ~quadrangle~: an open court, square, with buildings all round it. ~College of Heralds~: a Government office under the Earl Marshal which looks after pedigrees and armorial bearings. ~Hampton Court~: a Royal palace begun by Cardinal Wolsey. ~St. James's Palace~: the official residence of the Queen in London, Buckingham Palace being her private residence. ~buttery~: a storeroom where liquors and other provisions were kept. ~Baynard's Castle~ has given its name to one of the City wards. ~The Duke of Buckingham~ secured the crown for Richard III., and then being insufficiently rewarded rebelled against him, and was executed in 1483. ~George, Duke of Clarence~, brother of Edward IV., first sided with his father-in-law, the Earl of Warwick, then joined his brother in 1471. With justice, therefore, Shakespeare called him 'false, fleeting, perjured Clarence. He was accused of treason and found dead in the Tower in 1478. 35. AMUSEMENTS. ~Tournament~: a sham fight at which knights, mostly on horseback, used to show their skill. ~Twelfth Day~: twelve days after Christmas, formerly an occasion of great festivities, which have now nearly died out. ~Morris-dance~: a _Moorish_ dance to an accompaniment of bells and tambourines. ~cresset~: a kind of lantern formed of an open brazier filled with combustible materials. ~demilance~: a kind of horse-soldier armed with a short lance. ~mummeries~: entertainments performed by men in masks. ~Curfew~: the bell rung at eight o'clock at night as a sign to put out all lights. Ancient towns having much wood were liable to serious fires. 36. WESTMINSTER ABBEY. ~Thorney~, Isle of Thorns; _ey_ and _ea_ meaning island, as in Anglesey, Chelsea, Winchelsea. ~precinct~: the limit of the ground belonging to a church or other institution. ~commissioner~: appointed to see that the work was carried out. ~Sir G. Gilbert Scott~, born 1811, died 1878, was the greatest modern English architect. ~took sanctuary~: fled for shelter to the abbey, whence she could not be taken without violating the privileges of the Church.