The rebellion existed for several months after its dread had ceased to be felt in this town. As soon as the duke got notice of the retreat of the rebels, he set out in pursuit of them, with all the horse in his army, and about a thousand foot soldiers mounted on horseback. Marshal _Wade_ also, who commanded a separate corps, detached a considerable body of cavalry, under general _Oglethorpe_ for the same purpose. On December 18th. the duke came up with the rear of the rebels at _Clifton_, in Northumberland, where he obtained some advantage over them. On the 30th. he retook _Carlisle_, after a siege of nine days, making the garrison prisoners. Their main army had by that time reached Scotland, to which kingdom the rebellion was thenceforth entirely confined till its final suppression after the battle of _Culloden_. On Jan. 5, 1746, the duke returned to St. James’s; and on the 17th. of that month, the rebels defeated the king’s forces commanded by general _Hawley_, near _Falkirk_, though the latter were much superior in numbers. Upon this misfortune, it was thought expedient the duke should take upon him the command of the army in Scotland. He accordingly left London for that purpose, and arrived at Edinburgh on the 30th. of that month. The rebels, who had laid siege to the castle of _Stirling_, then retreated, and the duke followed them, as fast as the severity of the season and badness of the roads would permit, and arrived at _Aberdeen_ on the 27th of February. Meantime the rebels reduced the Castle of _Inverness_ and Fort _Augustus_, and laid siege also to Fort _William_, and _Blair_ Castle, of Athol, but failed in both those attempts. On the 8th. of April the duke left _Aberdeen_, and on the 14th. arrived at _Nairn_; and being there assured that the rebels were encamped at _Culloden_ House, near _Inverness_, he rested the whole of the 15th. at _Nairn_, to refresh his men. That night the rebels marched, with intent to attack him before daylight; but failed, through some mismanagement; whereupon they returned to _Culloden_, resolving, in that station, to wait for their pursuers. The duke, on the 16th. left _Nairn_, between 4 and 5 in the morning; and at two in the afternoon the engagement began. The rebels obtained some advantage at first, but were soon thrown into confusion and totally defeated, with great slaughter, and circumstances of unusual barbarity, which exposed the duke to much censure, especially from our northern countrymen, and procured him the reproachful appellation of the _bloody butcher_. Others, however, hailed him as the saviour of the country, and a pattern of every patriotic and princely excellence; and he ever after possessed, especially in these southern parts, great and unrivalled popularity. The battle of Culloden put an end to every chance or hope of restoring the Stuart family, and the evils of rebellion and civil war have never since been experienced in this island.