Even more profound did the tendency become during the War of Independence, which at the same time gave the death blow to Classicism. Distress taught how to pray. In those years of humiliation the young generation abandoned the classic ideal for ever, and Schenkendorf cried imperiously: "We would see no more pagan pictures on any German walls." French "frivolity" was contrasted with German seriousness, German Christianity with the free-thought of the French; there was a return from the cold philosophy of enlightenment to the vigorous feeling of mediæval faith. Frederick Schlegel, the author of _Lucinde_, who had written as lately as 1799:-- "Mein einzig Religion ist die, Dass ich liebe ein schönes Knie, Volle Brust und schlanke Hüften, Dazu Blumen mit süssen Düften," was converted to Catholicism. Schelling wrote his _Philosophy of Revelation_; Görres, the editor of the _Rothen Blut_, ended as the author of the _Christian Mystic_. Here set in the period of the Nazarenes. What Schlegel had said was to become true, that the German artist has either no character at all or he must have the character of the mediæval masters, true-hearted and thoughtful, innocent withal, and somewhat maladroit. In architecture the Hellenic school is succeeded by the Gothic, painting passes from the reverence of the Greek statues to that of old Italian pictures. [Illustration: _Seemann, Leipzig._ JULIUS SCHNORR VON CAROLSFELD.] Rome remained for the Nazarenes, too, the centre of influence, only they no longer made pilgrimages, like the Classicists, to ancient but to Christian Rome. _Overbeck_ of Lübeck came in 1810 with Pforr of Frankfort and Vogel of Zürich; the Düsseldorfer, Cornelius, followed in 1811, _Schadow_ and _Veit_ of Berlin in 1815, _Schnorr von Carolsfeld_ of Leipzig in 1818, the Viennese _Führich_ and _Steinle_ in 1827 and 1828. In all of them there lived the perception that in such a serious age men should be of high moral endeavour, and art the expression of the religious capacity of their lives. [Illustration: _Wigand, Leipzig._ SCHNORR. ADAM AND EVE AFTER THE FALL.]