been painted and what was still to be done, tucked a few writing books under his arm, and went upon his business to the academy." [Illustration: WILHELM KAULBACH.] The reformation of the academy, instigated by him at Munich, demonstrated the one-sidedness of his point of view. He turned it into a school for fresco-painting. "A professorship in _genre_ and landscape painting appears to me superfluous," he wrote to the king in 1825; "true art knows no subdivision." But as he himself had only partially mastered fresco painting, he did not even succeed in establishing a school of fresco painters. It was only one of designers of cartoons. "Read the great poets: Homer, Shakespeare, Goethe; do not forget to include the Bible. The brush has become the ruin of our art. It has led from Nature to Mannerism." By means of this teaching Cornelius infused all his own defects into his academy, which for that reason was doomed from the outset to an early decease. A war of extermination, often leading to the most burlesque scenes, was declared by the Cornelians against the Langerians, who were despised because they had retained a few of the technical acquirements of the peruke period. When Cornelius's attention was drawn to the fact that in one of his cartoons he had given a Greek hero six fingers he answered with indifference: "Ay, and if he had had seven, how would it affect the general idea?" [Illustration: KAULBACH. THE DELUGE.] It was only natural, therefore, that his pupils should feel above using a model. It is said that at the time when they were turning Munich into an Athens, and the painters were covering the city walls with frescoes, Munich possessed but one model, and the poor fellow died of starvation. And then, how they hated colours! They were so difficult to manage! Who, pray, wanted to learn fresco painting by hard labour, and swallow the chalk-dust? It was much easier to copy their lord and master, whose name was on their lips, but not a spark of whose genius was in their heads, with every sort of mannerism. "When nature once produces a new birth she does so with a lavish hand. Talents, talents enough for centuries!" In these words Cornelius himself did honour to his pupils--to Carl Herrmann, Strähuber, Hermann Anschütz, Hiltensperger, and Lindenschmit the elder, the mention of whose names evokes a painful memory of the arcades in the palace garden at Munich.