The History of Roman Literature: From the Earliest Period to the Death of Marcus AureliusCruttwell, Charles Thomas
Philosophy
The History of Roman Literature: From the Earliest Period to the Death of Marcus Aurelius
Cruttwell, Charles Thomas
Latin literature -- History and criticism
[93] In the
sifting of less accessible authorities he is culpably careless. His
account of the early history of Africa is almost worthless, though he
speaks of having drawn it from the books of King Hiempsal, and taken pains
to insert what was generally thought worthy of credit. It is in the
delineation of character that Sallust's penetration is unmistakably shown.
Besides the instances already given, we may mention the admirable sketch
of Sulla, [94] and the no less admirable ones of Catiline [95] and
Iugurtha. [96] His power of depicting the terrors of conscience is
tremendous. No language can surpass in condensed but lifelike intensity
the terms in which he paints the guilty noble carrying remorse on his
countenance and driven by inward agony to acts of desperation. [97]
His style is peculiar. He himself evidently imitated, and was thought by
Quintilian to rival, Thucydides. [98] But the resemblance is in language
only. The deep insight of the Athenian into the connexion of events is far
removed from the popular rhetoric in which the Roman deplores the decline
of virtue. And the brevity, by which both are characterised, while in the
one it is nothing but the incapacity of the hand to keep pace with the
rush of thought, in the other forms the artistic result of a careful
process of excision and compression. While the one kindles reflection, the
other baulks it. Nevertheless the style of Sallust has a special charm and
will always find admirers to give it the palm among Latin histories. The
archaisms which adorn or deface it, the poetical constructions which tinge
its classicality, the rough periods without particles of connexion which
impart to it a masculine hardness, are so fused together into a harmonious
fabric that after the first reading most students recur to it with genuine
pleasure. [99] On the whole it is more modern than that of Nepos, and
resembles more than any other that of Tacitus. Its brevity rarely falls
into obscurity, though it sometimes borders on affectation. There is an
appearance as if he was never satisfied, but always straining after an
excellence beyond his powers. It is emphatically a cultured style, and, as
such often recalls older authors. Now it is a reminiscence of Homer:
_aliud clausum in pectore, aliud in lingua promptum habere_; [100] now of
a Latin tragedian: _secundae res sapientium animos fatigant_. Much
allowance must be made for Sallust's defects, when we remember that no
model of historical writing yet existed at Rome. Some of the aphorisms
which are scattered in his book are wonderfully condensed, and have passed
into proverbs. _Concordia parvae res crescunt_ from the _Iugurtha_; and
_idem velle, idem nolle, ea demum firma amicitia est_, from the
_Catiline_, are instances familiar to all. The prose of Sallust differs
from that of Cicero in being less rhythmical; the hexametrical ending
which the orator rightly rejects, is in him not infrequent. It is probably
a concession to Greek habit.
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