The History of Roman Literature: From the Earliest Period to the Death of Marcus AureliusCruttwell, Charles Thomas
Philosophy
The History of Roman Literature: From the Earliest Period to the Death of Marcus Aurelius
Cruttwell, Charles Thomas
Latin literature -- History and criticism
The second of these _Epithalamia_ is, if not translated, certainly
modelled from the Greek, and in its imagery reminds us of Sappho. It is
less ardent and more studied than the first, and though its tone is far
less elevated, it gains a special charm from its calm, almost statuesque
language. [129] The _Nuptials of Peleus and Thetis_ is a miniature epic,
[130] such as were often written by the Alexandrian poets. Short as it is,
it contains two plots, one within the other. The story of Peleus's
marriage is made the occasion for describing the scene embroidered on the
coverlet or cushion of the marriage bed. This contains the loves of
Theseus and Ariadne, the Minotaur, the Labyrinth, the return of Theseus,
his desertion of Ariadne, and her reception into the stars by Iacchus. The
poem is unequal in execution; the finest passages are the lament of
Ariadne, which Virgil has imitated in that of Dido, and the song of the
Fates, which gives the first instances of those refrains taken from the
Greek pastoral, which please so much in the Eclogues, and in Tennyson's
_May Queen._ The _Atys_ or _Attis_ stands alone among the poet's works.
Its subject is the self-mutilation of a noble youth out of zeal for
Cybele's worship, and is probably a study from the Greek, though of what
period it would be hard to say. A theme so unnatural would have found
little favour with the Attic poets; the subject is more likely to have
been approached by the Alexandrian writers, whom Catullus often copies.
But these tame and pedantic versifiers could have given no precedent for
the wild inspiration of this strange poem, which clothes in the music of
finished art bursts of savage emotion. The metre is galliambic, a rhythm
proper to the hymns of Cybele, but of which no primitive Greek example
remains. The poem cannot be perused with pleasure, but must excite
astonishment at the power it displays. The language is tinged with
archaisms, especially compounds like _hederigera, silvicultrix_. In
general Catullus writes in the plain unaffected language of daily life.
His effects are produced by the freshness rather than the choiceness of
his terms, and by his truth to nature and good taste. His construction of
sentences, like that of Lucretius, becomes at times prosaic, from the
effort to avoid all ambiguity. If the first forty lines of his _Epistle to
Mallius_ [131] be studied and compared with any of Ovid's _Epistles from
Pontus_, the great difference in this respect will at once be seen. Later
writers leave most of the particles of transition to be supplied by the
reader's intelligence: Catullus, like Sophocles, indicates the sequence of
thought. Nevertheless poetry lost more than it gained by the want of
grammatical connection between successive passages, which, while it adds
point, detracts from clearness, and makes the interpretation, for example,
of Persius and Juvenal very much less satisfactory than that of Lucretius
or Horace.
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