The History of Roman Literature: From the Earliest Period to the Death of Marcus AureliusCruttwell, Charles Thomas
Philosophy
The History of Roman Literature: From the Earliest Period to the Death of Marcus Aurelius
Cruttwell, Charles Thomas
Latin literature -- History and criticism
It is pleasant to turn from his irreligion to his philosophy. Here he
appears as an uncertain but yet ardent disciple of the Porch. His
uncertainty is shown by his inability to answer many grave doubts, as: Why
is the future revealed by presages? [48] why are the oracles, once so
vocal, now silent? [49] his enthusiasm by his portraiture of Cato, who was
regarded by the Stoics as coming nearest of all men to their ideal Wise
Man. Cato is to him a peg on which to hang the virtues and paradoxes of
the school. But none the less is the sketch he gives a truly noble one:
[50]
"Hi mores, haec duri immota Catonis
Secta fuit, servare modum finemque tenere,
Naturamque sequi, patriaeque impendere vitam,
Nec sibi sed toti genitum se credere mundo."
Nothing in all Latin poetry reaches a higher pitch of ethical sublimity
than Cato's reply to Labienus when entreated to consult the oracle of
Jupiter Ammon: [51] "What would you have me ask? whether I ought to die
rather than become a slave? whether life begins here or after death?
whether evil can hurt the good man? whether it be enough to will what is
good? whether virtue is made greater by success? All this I know already,
and Hammon's voice will not make it more sure. We all depend on Heaven,
and though oracles be silent we cannot act without the will of God. Deity
needs no witness: once for all at our birth he has given us all needful
knowledge, nor has he chosen barren sands accessible to few, or buried
truth in a desert. Where earth, sea, sky, and virtue exist, there is God.
Why seek we Heaven outside?" These, and similar other sentiments scattered
throughout the poem, redeem it from the charge of wanton disbelief, and
show a largeness of soul that only needed experience to make it truly
great.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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