33. In the three hundred and first year after Rome was built, the form
of the government was a second time changed, the supreme power being
transferred from consuls to decemvirs, as it had passed before from
kings to consuls. The change was less remarkable, because not of long
duration; for the joyous commencement of that government became too
licentious. So much the sooner did the matter fall, and (the usage) was
recurred to, that the name and authority of consuls was committed to two
persons. The decemvirs appointed were, Appius Claudius, Titus Genucius,
Publius Sestius, Lucius Veturius, Caius Julius, Aulus Manlius, Servius
Sulpicius, Publius Curiatius, Titus Romilius, Spurius Postumius. On
Claudius and Genucius, because they had been elected consuls for that
year, the honour was conferred in compensation for the honour (of the
consulate); and on Sestius, one of the consuls of the former year,
because he had proposed that matter to the senate against the will of
his colleague. Next to these were considered the three ambassadors who
had gone to Athens; at the same time that the honour might serve as a
recompence for so distant an embassy; at the same time they considered
that persons acquainted with the foreign laws would be of use in
digesting the new code of regulations. Other persons made up the number.
They say that persons advanced in years were appointed by the last
suffrages, in order that they might oppose with less warmth the opinions
of others. The direction of the entire government was rested in Appius
through the favour of the commons, and he had assumed a demeanour so
new, that from a severe and harsh reviler of the people, he became
suddenly a protector of the commons, and a candidate for popular favour.
They administered justice to the people one every tenth day. On that day
the twelve fasces attended the præfect of justice; one beadle attended
each of his nine colleagues, and in the singular harmony among
themselves, which unanimity might sometimes prove prejudicial to private
persons, the strictest equity was shown to others. It will suffice to
adduce a proof of their moderation by instancing one matter. Though they
had been appointed without (the privilege of) appeal, yet a dead body
having been found buried in the house of Publius Sestius, a man of
patrician rank, and this having been brought forward in an assembly, in
a matter equally clear and atrocious, Caius Julius, a decemvir,
appointed a day of trial for Sestius, and appeared before the people as
prosecutor (in a matter) of which he was legally a judge; and
relinquished his right, so that he might add what had been taken from
the power of the office to the liberty of the people.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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