In the Bucolics and Georgics of Virgil we find frequent invocations to Pan as the god of shepherds, the guardian of flocks, and the inventor of the syrinx, or Pandean pipes. Ipse, nemus linquens patrium, saltusque Lycæi, Pan, ovium custos, tua si tibi Mænala curæ, Adsis, O Tegeæe, favens. _Georg._ i. 16-18. God of the fleece, whom grateful shepherds love, Oh, leave Lycæus and thy father’s grove; And if thy Mænalus yet claim thy care, Hear, Tegeæan Pan, th’ invoking prayer. _Georg._ i. 16-18. Delightful Mænalus, ‘mid echoing groves, And vocal pines, still hears the shepherds’ loves; The rural warblings hear of skilful Pan, Who first to tune neglected reeds began. _Bucol._ viii. 22-24.--_Warton’s Translation._ O that you lov’d the fields and shady grots, To dwell with me in bowers and lowly cots, To drive the kids to fold, the stags to pierce; Then shouldst thou emulate Pan’s skilful verse, Warbling with me in woods: ’twas mighty Pan To join with wax the various reeds began. Pan, the great god of all our subject plains, Protects and loves the cattle and the swains: Nor thou disdain thy tender rosy lip Deep to indent with such a master’s pipe. _Bucol._ ii. 28-34.--_Warton’s Translation._ Besides the four places in Arcadia, which are referred to in the above-cited passages of Virgil, Pausanias informs us of several others, in which he saw temples and altars erected to Pan. He says[284], that Mount Mænalus was especially sacred to this deity, _so that those who dwelt in its vicinity asserted, that they sometimes heard him playing on the syrinx_. A continual fire burnt there near his temple. [284] L. viii. c. 36. 5. and c. 37. 8. Herodotus gives a very curious account of the introduction of the worship of Pan into Attica[285]. He says, that before the battle of Marathon the Athenian generals sent Philippides as a herald to Sparta. “On his return Philippides asserted, that Pan had appeared to him near Mount Parthenius above Tegea, had addressed him by name and with a loud voice, and commanded him to ask the Athenians why they did not pay any regard to him, a god, who was kind to them, who had been often useful to them and would be so in future. The Athenians, believing the statement of Philippides, when they found themselves prosperous, erected a temple to Pan below the Acropolis, and continued to propitiate him by annual sacrifices and by carrying the torch.” From various authorities we know, that this temple was in the cave on the northern side of the Acropolis below the Propylæa[286]. [285] Lib. vi. c. 105. [286] Eurip. Jon. 492-504. 937. Paus. i. 28. 4. Stuart’s Ant. of Athens. Hobhouse’s Travels, p. 336. Dodwell’s Tour, vol. i. p. 304.