The History of Silk, Cotton, Linen, Wool, and Other Fibrous Substances;: Including Observations on Spinning, Dyeing, and Weaving.Gilroy, Clinton G.
History
The History of Silk, Cotton, Linen, Wool, and Other Fibrous Substances;: Including Observations on Spinning, Dyeing, and Weaving.
Gilroy, Clinton G.
History, Ancient; Textile fabrics -- History
From ancient monuments as well as from the language of the poets we
find, that the worship of other divinities was associated with that
of Faunus in reference to the success of all agricultural pursuits
including that of sheep-breeding. Boissard, in the Fourth Part of his
Antiquitates Romanæ, has published somewhat rude engravings of the
bas-reliefs upon two altars, one of them (No. 130) dedicated to _Hope_,
the other (No. 134) to _Silvanus_. The altar to Hope was erected, as
the inscription expresses, in a garden at Rome by M. Aur. Pacorus,
keeper of the temple of Venus. He says, that he had been admonished
to this deed of piety by _a dream_; and, if the representation in the
bas-relief was the image thus presented to his mind, his dream was
certainly a very pleasant one. Hope, wearing on her head a wreath of
flowers, places her right hand upon a pillar and holds in her left
poppy-heads and ears of corn. Beside her is a bee-hive on the ground,
and on it there is also fixed a bunch of poppy-heads and ears of corn.
Above these emblems of the fruitfulness of the field and of the garden
is the figure of a bale of wool.
The altar to Silvanus exhibits that divinity crowned with the cones and
foliage of the pine. A pine grows moreover beside his terminal statue,
bearing the large cones, which were used for food at entertainments and
carried in bacchanalian processions. Faunus, or Pan, sits at the foot
of the pine, the syrinx and the double pipe being placed at his feet.
In his right hand he holds an olive branch, while a young winged genius
advances towards him as if to receive it, and another genius of the
same kind appears to be caressing him and whispering into his ear. On
the other side of the terminal statue of Silvanus we see the caduceus
of Mercury and the bale of wool, manifest indications of success in the
wool trade. In this sculpture the bale is surrounded with cords, which
are twisted round one another where they cross. In the former instance
the compression of the wool appears to be effected by the use of
thongs instead of cords[347]. There is also introduced the figure of a
shepherd of the same country. This statue was found in the vicinity of
Rome and is now preserved in the Vatican[348]. The extremities are in
part restorations. A cameo in the Florentine Museum[349] represents the
shepherd Faustulus sitting upon a rock, and contemplating the she-wolf,
which is suckling Romulus and Remus. It is of the Augustan age, and no
doubt exhibits the costume and general appearance of a Roman shepherd
of that period. He wears a _tunica cucullata_, i. e. a tunic of coarse
woollen cloth with a cowl, which was designed to be drawn occasionally
over the head and to protect it from the injuries of the weather. This
garment has also sleeves, which Columella mentions (_tunica manicata_)
as an additional comfort. On his feet the shepherd wears high shoes, or
boots, which, as we may suppose, were made of leather.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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