The History of the Confederate War, Its Causes and Its Conduct, Volume 1 (of 2): A Narrative and Critical HistoryEggleston, George Cary
History
The History of the Confederate War, Its Causes and Its Conduct, Volume 1 (of 2): A Narrative and Critical History
Eggleston, George Cary
United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865
The result was what Lee had planned that it should be. Fremont, whose
force ought to have been moved to McClellan's reinforcement, was
ordered to advance from the fastnesses of the West Virginia mountains
into the Valley, there to assail Jackson. Banks, driven to cover at
Williamsport on the Potomac above Harper's Ferry, was ordered to hold
the crossings there against a possible advance of Jackson by that route
and presently to return to the Valley and assail Jackson. Saxton, with
7,000 or 8,000 men, withdrawn from McDowell's army, was sent to hold
the heights about Harper's Ferry and at the proper time to advance.
McDowell's carefully planned march upon Richmond was suspended and the
greater part of his force was ordered to the Valley. The purpose was
by concurrent action on the part of Fremont moving from West Virginia,
Banks moving back up the Valley from Williamsport, Saxton's advancing
from the neighborhood of Harper's Ferry, and McDowell's strong column
crossing the Blue Ridge from Fredericksburg, completely to surround,
overwhelm and destroy Jackson, whose total force was now reduced to a
scant 15,000, while the forces thus set to the task of making an end of
him, aggregated not less than 55,000 or 60,000 men. It was his task,
with 15,000 men not only to meet and destroy these forces in detail,
so far as that might be done, but in any case to escape from the trap
set for him and unite his army with that of Lee before Richmond in time
to lend his enthusiasm and his strength to that assault upon McClellan
which was planned for the immediate future.
If the reader will look at a map he will see almost at a glance how
perilous a problem Jackson had to solve. With less than 15,000 men he
was threatening Harper's Ferry and the strongholds round about, held
by Saxton with 7,000 men and eighteen pieces of artillery. Banks with
about 9,000 men was now advancing from Williamsport to assail him in
flank and rear, and cut off his retreat. Fremont with 10,000 or 15,000
men was advancing from West Virginia and had by telegraph promised
Mr. Lincoln that he would be in Strasburg--seventeen miles south of
Winchester and commanding Jackson's route of retreat--on Saturday, May
31. In the meanwhile Shields, commanding 20,000 men from McDowell's
army and followed by McDowell himself with the rest of it, was hurrying
from Fredericksburg into the Valley and was due at Strasburg by noon of
the thirty-first.
In other words four armies, numbering in the aggregate more than 50,000
men, were threatening to envelop and overwhelm Jackson. Of these forces
no less than 35,000 men were rapidly concentrating in Jackson's rear
upon the lines over which he must march in order to escape from the
trap set for him and add his force to Lee's in time for the impending
battle before Richmond.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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