The History of the Confederate War, Its Causes and Its Conduct, Volume 1 (of 2): A Narrative and Critical HistoryEggleston, George Cary
History
The History of the Confederate War, Its Causes and Its Conduct, Volume 1 (of 2): A Narrative and Critical History
Eggleston, George Cary
United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865
Accomplished soldier that he was, he saw clearly that the "objective"
of his campaign must be the crushing of Lee and the enforced retreat
of the Confederates to the southern side of the Potomac. To that end
McClellan desired to employ the utmost force within call. He had about
70,000 men against Lee's 45,000, but he urgently asked for the 11,000
additional men who were guarding Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg. He
asked that those untenable positions should be abandoned and their
defenders added to the already superior force with which he was to try
conclusions again with the masterful adversary who had so conspicuously
defeated him before Richmond.
But General Halleck was now in chief command and he refused this
request.
His refusal to order the evacuation of the two untenable positions
and to add their important garrisons to McClellan's force, seriously
embarrassed Lee and contributed, in an indirect but effective way, to
the defeat of those purposes with which the Confederate chieftain had
undertaken his hazardous campaign.
Lee had assumed, quite as a matter of course, that upon his passage of
the Potomac, Martinsburg and Harper's Ferry would be evacuated, being
obviously untenable. But in fact they were not abandoned. So Lee was
compelled to pause and to send Jackson back to the south side of the
river to secure control of positions that commanded his own only secure
line of retreat in case of disaster.
This caused a very serious delay in Lee's operations, and in such a
campaign of aggression, promptitude and swiftness are all important to
the accomplishment of desired results.
Jackson went back across the river to assail Harper's Ferry from the
South. In the meanwhile McLaws, Walker and D. H. Hill seized and held
respectively Maryland Heights, Loudon Heights and Boonesboro Pass,
while Lee with the remainder of his now dangerously divided army
advanced to Hagerstown in search of food supplies.
Jackson did his part of the work perfectly, as it was his custom to do.
He drove his enemy out of Martinsburg and captured Harper's Ferry with
11,500 prisoners, seventy-three serviceable guns and important stores.
But in the meanwhile Lee's army had been scattered in a very perilous
way, and in his anxiety for its reconcentration, he wrote out an order,
giving in detail his instructions to his several subordinates.
A copy of this order somehow fell into McClellan's hands. It clearly
revealed to him Lee's divided and scattered condition, and for once
in his life McClellan hurried. If he, with 70,000 men, could manage
to attack in detail the several widely separated fragments of Lee's
army which had now been reduced by casualties to less than a total of
40,000, surely he must win.
Accordingly he hurriedly pushed forward, hoping to carry Turner's and
Crampton's Gaps in the South Mountain before Lee could concentrate for
their defense.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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