I cannot call to mind any large species of mammal which we might reasonably suppose to have originated in South-western Europe. Even among the smaller ones, few give us any definite clue in this respect. For instance, the present range of the genus _Myogale_--a small Insectivore belonging to the Mole family (_Talpidæ_)--teaches us nothing. The two living species show discontinuous distribution, and are almost confined to Europe. _Myogale_ occurs fossil in French miocene deposits, but is unknown beyond the confines of our continent. It is therefore probably of West European origin. The gap between the South Russian _M. moschata_ and the Spanish _M. pyrenaica_ is bridged over in so far as we know from fossil evidence that the former had a much wider range in pleistocene times, being then found in England, Belgium, and Germany. _Talpa_, too,--to which genus our common Mole belongs,--seems to be a West European genus, since it occurs in French miocene deposits. However, it would be difficult to name many more recent genera which could be included in the area which I propose to investigate in this chapter. The genus _Lepus_ is probably not of Lusitanian origin, but the sub-genus _Oryctolagus_--to which our common Rabbit belongs--has no doubt had its original home in that region. Only two species of _Lepus_ (_Oryctolagus_) are known, one of which--_Lepus lacostei_--has been met with in French pliocene deposits. The other is the Rabbit (_L. cuniculus_). Though generally considered to have been introduced into the British Islands, no reason can be brought forward in favour of such a supposition, especially as it is known to have spread into Germany in pleistocene times from South-western Europe. It occurs in France, the Spanish peninsula, North-western Africa, and on some of the Mediterranean islands. Its nearest living relatives, as we should almost expect, are found in South America. Of the Lusitanian Birds I have already mentioned the so-called Dartford Warbler (_Melizophilus undatus_), which ranges from the south of England to the extreme south-west of Europe. A second species occurs on the Balearic Islands and on Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily. The Andalusian Bush-quail (_Turnix sylvatica_) is probably of North African origin, and has subsequently spread into Southern Spain and Portugal, and eastward as far as Sicily. It is an instance of a migrant utilising the old Mediterranean land-connections in the opposite direction from that described in the last chapter.