But in nothing did the Greeks display a more gorgeous or costly taste than in what may be termed their _plate_, which was not only fabricated of the rarest materials, but wrought likewise with all the elaborateness and delicacy and richness of design within the reach of art. Among the Macedonians, after their Eastern conquests, gold plate appears not to have been uncommon; for at the grand supper described by Hippolochos in his letter to Lynceus, every guest is said to have used it.[437] The predilection for this sort of magnificence they acquired in Asia, where, at a banquet given to Alexander, the whole dessert was brought in tastefully covered with gold-leaf.[438] In the reign of his father, Philip, the precious metals were rare in Macedonia. Indeed, that crafty old monarch, possessing but one gold cup in the world, had so good an opinion of his courtiers that, to prevent their thieving it, he slept every night with it under his pillow.[439] Gold was, more early, plentiful in Attica. Alcibiades, with tastes and habits unsuited to a democracy, carried so far his love of display as to make use of thuribles, or censers, and wash-hand basins of pure gold.[440] But the ostentatious son of Clinias, though extravagant, was in this respect only a type of his nation. Every rich citizen of Athens aimed at the same degree of splendour; and, in describing his town-house or favourite villa, might, with little alteration, have adopted the language of the poet:— ——“My house within the city Is richly furnished with plate and gold, Basins and ewers to lave her dainty hands: My hangings all of Tyrian tapestry. In ivory coffers have I stuffed my crowns; In cypress chests my arras, counterpanes, Costly apparel, tents, and canopies, Fine linen, Turkey cushions bossed with pearl, Vallance of Venice, gold in needle-work, Pewter and brass, and all things that belong To house or housekeeping.” ----- Footnote 437: Athen. iv. 2, sqq. Cf. iii. 100. Footnote 438: Athen. iv. 42. Footnote 439: Deipnosoph. _ut sup._ Footnote 440: Athen. ix. 75. ----- Socrates, in the Republic, speaking of what the prevailing fashion required to be found in a city, makes out a list of good things, not much inferior upon the whole to Shakspeare’s,—beds, tables, and other furniture; dainties of all kinds; perfumes, unguents, sauces, &c.; to which the philosopher adds apparel, shoes, pictures, tapestry, ivory, and gold:[441] and these rare materials, as farther on he observes, were wrought into utensils for domestic purposes. ----- Footnote 441: Plat. De Rep. i. t. vi. p. 86. Cf. Tim. t. vii. p. 77. -----