The weights and measures[622] in common use at Athens were the talent (65 lbs. 12 dwt. 5 grs.) equal to sixty minæ; the mina (1 lb. 1 oz. 4 grs.) equal to a hundred drachmas; the drachma (6 dwt. 2 grs.) equal to six oboloi; the obolos (9 grs.) equal to three keratia; the keration[623] three grains. The Athenian dry measures were the medimnos, equal to six hecteis;[624] the hecteus, equal to two hemihecteis; the hemihecton, equal to four chœnices; the chœnix, equal to two xestæ; the xestes, equal to two cotylæ; the cotyla, equal to four oxybapha; the oxybaphon, equal to one cyathos and a half;[625] the cyathos, equal to ten cochlearia. ----- Footnote 622: Goguet. ii. 196. Herod. i. 192. Poll. iv. 171. Schol. Aristoph. Nub. 450. Acharn. 108. See an exact representation of an ancient pair of scales suspended from a bird’s bill in Mus. Cortonens. tab. 27. Footnote 623: Eisenschmid. De Pond. et Mens. Vet. p. 156. Footnote 624: Schol. Aristoph. Nub. 633. Eq. 95. Footnote 625: Eisenschmid. p. 168. ----- Of the other measures that occur in ancient authors, it may be worth while to mention the Persian artabe,[626] (hodie ardeb,) which exceeded the Attic medimnos by about three chœnices; the akanè,[627] likewise a Persian measure, equal to forty-five Attic medimnoi or a Bœotian measure equal to two bushels; the addix[628] equal to four chœnices; the dadix[629] to six; the capithe to two; the maris to six cotylæ,[630] the cophinos, a Bœotian measure, to three choes.[631] ----- Footnote 626: Athen. xii. 73. Footnote 627: Schol. Aristoph. Acharn. 108. Footnote 628: Etym. Mag. 16. 53.-17. 45. Footnote 629: Poll. iv. 168. Footnote 630: Id. x. 184. Footnote 631: Id. iv. 168. ----- CHAPTER III. INDUSTRY: PERFUMERS, BARBERS, GOLDSMITHS, LAPIDARIES, ETC.