Greece -- History -- Peloponnesian War, 431-404 B.C.
Uniting here at daybreak, they sat down at the place called Metropolis,
and encamped. Not long afterwards the Athenians in the twenty ships
came into the Ambracian Gulf to support the Argives, with Demosthenes
and two hundred Messenian heavy infantry, and sixty Athenian archers.
While the fleet off Olpae blockaded the hill from the sea, the
Acarnanians and a few of the Amphilochians, most of whom were kept back
by force by the Ambraciots, had already arrived at Argos, and were
preparing to give battle to the enemy, having chosen Demosthenes to
command the whole of the allied army in concert with their own
generals. Demosthenes led them near to Olpae and encamped, a great
ravine separating the two armies. During five days they remained
inactive; on the sixth both sides formed in order of battle. The army
of the Peloponnesians was the largest and outflanked their opponents;
and Demosthenes fearing that his right might be surrounded, placed in
ambush in a hollow way overgrown with bushes some four hundred heavy
infantry and light troops, who were to rise up at the moment of the
onset behind the projecting left wing of the enemy, and to take them in
the rear. When both sides were ready they joined battle; Demosthenes
being on the right wing with the Messenians and a few Athenians, while
the rest of the line was made up of the different divisions of the
Acarnanians, and of the Amphilochian carters. The Peloponnesians and
Ambraciots were drawn up pell-mell together, with the exception of the
Mantineans, who were massed on the left, without however reaching to
the extremity of the wing, where Eurylochus and his men confronted the
Messenians and Demosthenes.
The Peloponnesians were now well engaged and with their outflanking
wing were upon the point of turning their enemy’s right; when the
Acarnanians from the ambuscade set upon them from behind, and broke
them at the first attack, without their staying to resist; while the
panic into which they fell caused the flight of most of their army,
terrified beyond measure at seeing the division of Eurylochus and their
best troops cut to pieces. Most of the work was done by Demosthenes and
his Messenians, who were posted in this part of the field. Meanwhile
the Ambraciots (who are the best soldiers in those countries) and the
troops upon the right wing, defeated the division opposed to them and
pursued it to Argos. Returning from the pursuit, they found their main
body defeated; and hard pressed by the Acarnanians, with difficulty
made good their passage to Olpae, suffering heavy loss on the way, as
they dashed on without discipline or order, the Mantineans excepted,
who kept their ranks best of any in the army during the retreat.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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