Many philosophers believed that each man has a protecting daimon, who in some sense personifies his individuality. It followed that lunatics and the delirious were afflicted with madness by these spirits who guided them, and accordingly the Greek names for those distraught are highly significant: ἐνεργούμενοι (in later Greek, persons possessed of an evil spirit), δαιμονιόληπτοι (influenced by devils), θεόληπτοι, θεόβλαβες (stricken of God), θεόμανες (maddened by the gods); and so Euripides has λύσσα θεομανής, and again θεομανης πότμος.[8] The very name μανία given by the Greeks to madness was derived from the root-word _man, men_,[9] which occurs in the Latin _Manes_, and indeed the Romans thought that a madman was tormented by the goddess Mania, the mother of the Lares, the hallucinations of lunatics being taken to be spectres who pursued them.[10] And so a madman was _laruarum plenus_, _laruatus_,[11] one whom phantoms disturbed; as in Plautus, where the doctor says: “What kind of a disease is this? Explain. Unfold, old sire, I say. Art thou crazed (_laruatus_) or lunatic? Tell me now.”[12] The frantic exaltation which thrilled the Galli, and the Corybantes when they celebrated the Dionysia, seems to have been epidemic, and was universally attributed to divine possession. There are many allusions to the connexion between the rites of Cybele and Dionysus. Apollodorus[13] says Dionysus was purified from madness by Rhea at the Phrygian Cybela, and was then initiated into her rites and took her dress; thence he passed into Thrace with a train of Bacchanals and Satyrs. Strabo,[14] on the other hand, thinks the rites were brought from Thrace by colonists from that country into Phrygia; he even quotes a fragment from the _Edoni_ of Æschylus[15] as proving the identity of the cultus of Dionysus and Cybele. So also we have in Euripides, _Bacchæ_, 58, Up, and wake the sweet old sound, The clang that I and mystic Rhea found, The Timbrel of the Mountains.[16] It is interesting to remark that Nicander of Claros,[17] who was a physician, in his _Alexipharmaca_ (Ἀλεξιφάρμακα), speaking of a particular form of lunacy, compares the shrieks uttered by patients with those of a priestess of Rhea, when on the ninth day she makes all whom she encounters in the streets tremble at the hideous howl of the Idæan Mother; κερνοφόρος ζάκορος βωμίστρια Ῥείης is the exact phrase.[18] In the _Hippolytus_ (141 _sqq._) the Chorus speaking to Phædra says: Is this some spirit, O child of man? Doth Hecat hold thee perchance, or Pan? Doth She of the Mountains work her ban, Or the Dread Corybantes bind thee?[19] And in the _Medea_ (1171-2) we have: “She seemed, I wot, to be one frenzied, inspired with madness by Pan or some other of the gods.”[20]