The history of witchcraft and demonologySummers, Montague
History
The history of witchcraft and demonology
Summers, Montague
Demonology; Demonology -- History; Witchcraft; Witchcraft -- History
The method of performing these early English guild plays has been
frequently and exactly described, and I would only draw attention to one
feature of the movable scaffold which passed from station to station,
that is the dark cavern at the side of the last of the three sedes,
Hell-mouth. No pains were spared to make this as horrible and realistic
as might be. Demons with hideous heads issued from it, whilst ever and
anon lurid flames burst forth and dismal cries were heard. Thus the
Digby S. Mary Magdalen play has the stage-direction: “a stage, and Helle
ondyrneth that stage.” At Coventry the Cappers had a “hell-mouth” for
the Harrowing of Hell, and the Weavers another for Doomsday. This was
provided with fire, a windlass, and a barrel for the earthquake. In
the stage-directions to Jordan’s Cornish Creation of the World Lucifer
descends to hell “apareled fowle wᵗʰ fyre about hem” and the place is
filled with “every degre of devylls of lether and spirytis on cordis.”
Among the “establies” required for the Rouen play of 1474 was “Enfer fait
en maniere d’une grande gueulle se cloant et ouvrant quant besoing en
est.” The last stage-direction of the _Sponsus_, a liturgical play from
Limoges,—assigned by M. M. W. Cloetta and G. Paris to the earlier half of
the twelfth century—which deals with the Wise and Foolish Virgins runs as
follows: “_Modo accipiant eas [fatuas uirgines] dæmones et præcipitentur
in infernum_.”
The Devil himself is one of the most prominent characters in the Mystery,
the villain of the piece. So the York cycle commences with _The Creation
and the Fall of Lucifer_. Whilst the Angels are singing “Holy, Holy,
Holy” before the throne of God, Satan appears exulting in his pride to
be cast down speedily into hell whence he howls his complaint beginning
“Owte, owte! harrowe!” There is a curious incident in the episode of the
Dream of Pilate’s wife. Whilst she sleeps Satan whispers in her ear the
vision which moves her to try to stay the condemnation of Jesus whereby
mankind is to be redeemed. The last play of the York cycle is the _Day of
Judgement_.
In like manner the Towneley cycle opens with _The Creation_, and
presently we have the stage-direction _hic deus recedit à suo solio &
lucifer sedebit in eodem solio_. The scene soon shifts to hell when we
hear the demons reproaching Lucifer for his pride. After the creation of
Adam and Eve follows Lucifer’s lament. In the long episode of _Doomsday_
a number of demons appear and are kept inordinately busy.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account