pp. 280-297. Still fewer are those who have subjected Judeo-German to a thorough philological investigation. All efforts in that direction will be found catalogued by A. Landau, _Bibliographie des Jüdisch-deutschen_, in _Deutsche Mundarten, Zeitschrift für Bearbeitung des mundartlichen Materials_, herausgegeben von Dr. Johann Willibald Nagl, Vienna, 1896, Heft II. pp. 126-132. To those mentioned by him must be added A. Schulmann's _Die Geschichte vun der Žargon-literatur_, in _Jüdisches Volksblatt_, Vol. II. pp. 115-134, which is very rich in data, and A. Landau's _Das Deminutivum der galizisch-jüdischen Mundart, Ein Kapitel aus der jüdischen Grammatik_, in _Deutsche Mundarten_, Vol. I. pp. 46-58. This is, outside of Şaineanu's work (mentioned in Landau's _Bibliographie_), the best grammatical disquisition on Judeo-German that has so far appeared. [15] Cf. Zunz, _Die gottesdienstlichen Vorträge der Juden, historisch entwickelt_, Frankfurt a. M., 1892, pp. 452-463, and Güdemann, as above. [16] Cf. M. Steinschneider, _Die italienische Litteratur der Juden_, in _Monatschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judenthums_, Vol. XLII. p. 74. [17] Naturally, words belonging to that stage of the language have survived in the _cheeder_ (school), where the _melamed_ (teacher) is frequently compelled to fall back on the old commentaries for translations. Abramowitsch has, in his _Dās klēine Menschele_, the following passage (p. 49) bearing upon this point: "Die Talmudtōre hāt mir äuch gegeben a Bissel Deutsch vun die Teutschwörter in Chumesch, wie a Stēiger (for example): _wealoto_ un' a Nepel, _wesaadu libchem_ un' lehent unter euer Harz, _jereechi_ mein dich, _machschof_ entpleckt, _boochu_ auf'n Gemeesachz, _been hamischpessoim_ die Gemarken, _wetchalelo_ un' du hāst sie verschwächt, _kōmmijōs_ hofferlich, uchdōme noch asölche Teutschen." [18] An example of this style is given by Linetzki, in _Dās chsidische Jüngel_, p. 32: "a Stēiger wie er hāt mit mir geteutscht: _ischo_ an Ische, _ki sitmo_ as sie wet tome weren, _wessakriw_ un' sie wet makriw sein, _korbon_ a Korben, _wehikriw_ soll makriw sein, _hakōhen_ der Kōhen, _al hamisbeach_ zum Misbeach, _beōhel mōed_ in'm Ōhel-mōed." [19] Cf. A. B. Gottlober, _Sichrōnes über žargonische Schreiber_, in _Jüd. Volksbib._, Vol. I. pp. 250-259. [20] On the various dialects and styles, see _Die jüdische Sprache_, in _Hausfreund_, Vol. V. pp. 60-64; cf. also Rabnizki, _Hebräisch un' Jüdisch_, in _Hausfreund_, Vol. V. pp. 38-48. [21] An excellent satire on the widely different styles of Judeo-German in vogue by their writers is given by S. Rabinowitsch, in his _Kolmewasser_ (_q.v._), under the title of _Korrespondenzies_ (cols. 26-31). [22] For a complete discussion of the subject, see L. Şaineanu, _Studiu dialectologic asupra graiului evreo-german_, Bucureşti, 1889, 8vo, 78 pp.