The Hobo: The Sociology of the Homeless ManAnderson, Nels
General
The Hobo: The Sociology of the Homeless Man
Anderson, Nels
Chicago (Ill.) -- Social conditions; Tramps
The average man on the street, or the average housewife, sees in
the tramp either a parasite or a predacious individual. The average
man may admit that there are many migratory men who would work, but
he feels that most of them will not, and that they have neither
permanent habits nor good intentions; they need to be watched. If
the public opinion decrees that the town needs to be protected
against tramps, it is the duty of the police to do it. There seems
to be a relation between the pressure that the police bring to
bear on the tramp and the pressure that the tramps impose upon the
community which is reflected in the pressure the residents place
on the police. In towns where vagrancy has become a problem, the
police are very energetic in keeping down the number of apparently
idle men.
In small towns, especially railroad towns, through which many
tramps move, the police are “hostile.” A policeman in a Wyoming
town on the Union Pacific Railroad asserts: “We’ve got to be hard
on these fellows or they will eat us out of house and home in
a week.” In the larger towns the police are sporadic in their
harshness. Men of the road will ask one another about the attitude
of the police in certain cities. “Omaha was good the first part
of the winter,” reported a man in a circle about a camp fire, “I
think I’ll go to Chi this winter if I don’t go to the Coast. I
heard they were pretty easy on them there last winter.” Again, “I
was in Chicago the most of the winter. They are all right there if
you stay on the ‘stem.’” “How has K. C. been lately? I haven’t been
there for five years.”
The average hobo will often avoid certain towns because he has
heard that the “bo” will not be well received. He will sometimes go
to a town even when he has heard of its drastic method of treating
the transients. A “hard” police force and a drastic policy of
repression do not keep tramps away. It selects out those who are
willing to run the risk. Timid and inexperienced men are kept away,
but the daring and veteran tramps who cause the police the most
trouble are not so readily frightened off.
The police do not regard the tramp as a serious offender. If he
steals, it is generally for something to eat or to wear. Every man
on the road steals potatoes or green corn from the nearby fields,
or fruit from the neighboring orchard, or chickens that stray
within reach of the jungle.
Tramps will boast about what they will do when times get hard and
cold weather crowds them. “I won’t starve. I worked all summer, and
I won’t go hungry this winter.” This man was “broke” in spite of
a summer’s hard labor in the harvest fields. His earnings quickly
went for drink. He did get hungry, and his clothes were torn to
tatters before spring, but he did not break in any windows as he
had threatened. There are “crooks” among the tramps, but not so
many as might be supposed. The average tramp does not possess the
courage to be a first-class crook.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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