The Hobo: The Sociology of the Homeless ManAnderson, Nels
General
The Hobo: The Sociology of the Homeless Man
Anderson, Nels
Chicago (Ill.) -- Social conditions; Tramps
The best scouting qualities the average man can command are needed
to get along in winter. There are many places to sleep and loaf
during the day, but the good places are invariably crowded. For
sleeping quarters police stations, railroad depots, doorways,
mission floors, and even poolrooms are pressed into service. It is
not uncommon for men who cannot find a warm place to sleep to walk
the streets all night. This practice of walking the streets all
night, snatching a wink of sleep here and a little rest there, is
termed, in the parlance of the road, “carrying the banner.” He who
“carries the banner” during the night usually tries to snatch a bit
of sleep during the day in places he does not have access to in the
night time. He may go into the missions, but in cold weather the
missions are crowded. They are crowded with men who sit for hours
in a stupor between sleeping and waking. In almost every mission on
the “stem” there are attendants known as “bouncers,” whose duties
during the meetings are to shake and harass men who have lost
themselves in slumber.
Lodging-houses are also imposed upon by men who have no money to
pay for a bed but who loaf in the lobbies during the day. Most
lodging-houses make an effort to keep men out who are not guests.
Fear is instilled into their hearts by occasionally calling the
police to clear the lobbies of loafers. All who dare spend their
leisure time in the public library, but the average tramp, unkempt
and unclean from a night on the street, cannot muster sufficient
courage to enter a public library.
The missions and other charity organizations play an important part
in supplying the cold-weather wants of the tramp. They usually make
it a point to get on hand at the beginning of winter a large supply
of overcoats, or “bennies,” and other clothes that are either sold
at moderate prices or are given away. Such clothes are usually
solicited from the public, and the men on the “stem” believe that
they are entitled to them. Hence each man makes an effort to get
what he feels is coming to him. When winter comes they begin to
bestir themselves and concoct schemes for securing the desired
amount of clothing to keep out the cold. During the winter time
many of these men will submit to being “converted” in order to get
food and shelter.
Competition between homeless men in winter is keen. Food is scarce,
jobs are less plentiful, people are less generous, and there are
more men begging. Many of the short-job men become beggars and a
large number of those who are able to peddle during the summer
likewise enter the ranks of the beggars. As beggars multiply, the
housewife is less generous with the man at the back door, the man
on the street also hardens his heart, and the police are called on
for protection.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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