The Hobo: The Sociology of the Homeless ManAnderson, Nels
General
The Hobo: The Sociology of the Homeless Man
Anderson, Nels
Chicago (Ill.) -- Social conditions; Tramps
No group in Hobohemia is wholly without status. In every group
there are classes. In jail grand larceny is a distinction as
against petit larceny. In Hobohemia men are judged by the methods
they use to “get by.” Begging, faking, and the various other
devices for gaining a livelihood serve to classify these men among
themselves. It matters not where a man belongs, somewhere he has
a place and that place defines him to himself and to his group.
No matter what means an individual employs to get a living he
struggles to retain some shred of self-respect. Even the outcast
from home and society places a high value upon his family name.
9. S. R. is an Englishman fifteen years in this country.
When he came to the United States to earn a “stake” he left
his wife in England. His intention was to save enough money
to send for her. He came here partly to overcome his love
for alcohol but he found as much drink here and it was as
accessible. He earned “big money” as a bricklayer but he
never saved any. He became ashamed of himself after a year
or two and ceased to write to his wife. That is, he had
other interests here.
Today he is a physical wreck. He is paralyzed on one side
and he is also suffering from tuberculosis brought on by
injudicious exposure and drink. He told his story but asked
that his real name, which he told, should not be used. For,
he said, “I am the only one who has ever disgraced that
name.”
Several old men on West Madison Street are living on mere pittances
but are too proud to go to the poorhouse. They much prefer to take
their chances with other mendicants. They want to play the game to
the end. As long as they are able to totter about the street and
hold out their hands they feel that they are holding their own. To
go to an institution would mean that they had given up. Dependent
as they are and as pitiful as they look, they still have enough
self-respect to resent the thought of complete surrender.
In the game of “getting by” the homeless man is practically sure
sooner or later to lose his economic independence. At any time
(except perhaps in periods of prolonged unemployment), only a small
proportion of homeless men are grafters, beggars, fakers, or petty
criminals. Yet, all the time, the migratory casual workers are
living from hand to mouth, always perilously near the margin of
dependence. Consequently, few homeless men have not been temporary
dependents, and great numbers of them must in time become permanent
dependents.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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