[145] Compare with this the words which Pope Hadrian I. had used some twenty-three years before, of Charles as representative of Constantine: 'Et sicut temporibus Beati Sylvestri, Romani pontificis, a sanctæ recordationis piissimo Constantino magno imperatore, per eius largitatem sancta Dei catholica et apostolica Romana ecclesia elevata atque exaltata est, et potestatem in his Hesperiæ partibus largiri dignatus est, ita et in his vestris felicissimis temporibus atque nostris, sancta Dei ecclesia, id est, beati Petri apostoli germinet atque exsultet, ut omnes gentes quæ hæc audierint edicere valeant, 'Domine salvum fac regem, et exaudi nos in die in qua invocaverimus te;' quia ecce novus Christianissimus Dei Constantinus imperator his temporibus surrexit, per quem omnia Deus sanctæ suæ ecclesiæ beati apostolorum principis Petri largiri dignatus est.'--_Letter XLIX of Cod. Carol._, A.D. 777 (in Mur. _Scriptores Rerum Italicarum_). This letter is memorable as containing the first allusion, or what seems an allusion, to Constantine's Donation. The phrase 'sancta Dei ecclesia, id est, B. Petri apostoli,' is worth noting. [146] The church in which the opening scene of Boccaccio's _Decameron_ is laid. [147] So Kugler (Eastlake's ed. vol. i. p. 144), and so also Messrs. Crowe and Cavalcaselle, in their _New History of Painting in Italy_, vol. ii. pp. 85 _sqq._ [148] Domini canes. Spotted because of their black-and-white raiment. [149] There is of course a great deal more detail in the picture, which it does not appear necessary to describe. St. Dominic is a conspicuous figure. It is worth remarking that the Emperor, who is on the Pope's left hand, and so made slightly inferior to him while superior to every one else, holds in his hand, instead of the usual imperial globe, a death's head, typifying the transitory nature of his power. CHAPTER VIII. THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND THE GERMAN KINGDOM. [Sidenote: Union of the Roman Empire with the German kingdom.] This was the office which Otto the Great assumed in A.D. 962. But it was not his only office. He was already a German king; and the new dignity by no means superseded the old. This union in one person of two characters, a union at first personal, then official, and which became at last a fusion of the two into something different from either, is the key to the whole subsequent history of Germany and the Empire. [Sidenote: Germany and its monarchy.]