sleep[200], waiting the hour when the ravens shall cease to hover round the peak, and the pear-tree blossom in the valley, to descend with his Crusaders and bring back to Germany the golden age of peace and strength and unity. Often in the evil days that followed the fall of Frederick's house, often when tyranny seemed unendurable and anarchy endless, men thought on that cavern, and sighed for the day when the long sleep of the just Emperor should be broken, and his shield be hung aloft again as of old in the camp's midst, a sign of help to the poor and the oppressed. FOOTNOTES: [181] A great deal of importance seems to have been attached to this symbolic act of courtesy. See Art. I of the Sachsenspiegel. [182] Letter to the German bishops in Radewic; Mur., _S. R. I._, t. vi. p. 833. [183] A picture in the great hall of the ducal palace (the Sala del Maggio Consiglio) represents the scene. See Rogers' Italy. [184] Psalm xci. [185] Document of 1230, quoted by Von Raumer, v. p. 81. [186] Speech of archbishop of Milan, in Radewic; Mur. vi. [187] Frederick's election (at Frankfort) was made 'non sine quibusdam Italiæ baronibus.'--Otto Fris. i. But this was the exception. [188] See also _post_, Chapter XVI. [189] 'Senatus Populusque Romanus urbis et orbis totius domino Conrado.' [190] Otto of Freysing. [191] Later in his reign, Frederick condescended to negotiate with these Roman magistrates against a hostile Pope, and entered into a sort of treaty by which they were declared exempt from all jurisdiction but his own. [192] See the first note to Shelley's _Hellas_. Sismondi is mainly answerable for this conception of Barbarossa's position. [193] They say rebelliously, says Frederick, 'Nolumus hunc regnare super nos ... at nos maluimus honestam mortem quam ut,' &c.--Letter in Pertz. _M. G. H._ legg. ii. [194] 'De tributo Cæsaris nemo cogitabat; Omnes erant Cæsares, nemo censum dabat; Civitas Ambrosii, velut Troia, stabat, Deos parum, homines minus formidabat.' Poems relating to the Emperor Frederick of Hohenstaufen, published by Grimm. [195] Charles the Great was canonized by Frederick's anti-pope and confirmed afterwards. [196] _Acta Concil. Hartzhem._ iii., quoted by Von Raumer, ii. 6. [197] Poems relating to Frederick I, _ut supra_. [198] The carroccio was a waggon with a flagstaff planted on it, which served the Lombards for a rallying-point in battle. [199] Lübeck, Hamburg, Bremen, and Frankfort. [Since this was first written Frankfort has been annexed by Prussia, and her three surviving sisters have, by their entrance into the North German confederation, lost something of their independence.] [200] The legend is one which appears under various forms in many countries. CHAPTER XII. IMPERIAL TITLES AND PRETENSIONS.