[401] In an address by Napoleon to the Senate in 1804, bearing date
10th Frimaire (1st Dec.), are the words, 'Mes descendans conserveront
longtemps ce trône, le premier de l'univers.' Answering a deputation
from the department of the Lippe, Aug. 8th, 1811, 'La Providence, qui
a voulu que je rétablisse le trône de Charlemagne, vous a fait
naturellement rentrer, avec la Hollande et les villes anséatiques,
dans le sein de l'Empire.'--_Œuvres de Napoléon_, tom. v. p. 521.
'Pour le Pape, je suis Charlemagne, parce que, comme Charlemagne, je
réunis la couronne de France à celle des Lombards, et que mon Empire
confine avec l'Orient.' (Quoted by Lanfrey, _Vie de Napoleon_, iii.
417.)
'Votre Sainteté est souveraine de Rome, mais j'en suis l'Empereur.'
(Letter of Napoleon to Pope Pius, Feb. 13th, 1806. Lanfrey.)
'Dites bien,' says Napoleon to Cardinal Fesch, 'que je suis
Charlemagne, leur Empereur [of the Papal Court] que je dois être
traité de même. Je fais connaitre au Pape mes intentions en peu de
mots, s'il n'y acquiesce pas, je le réduirai à la même condition qu'il
était avant Charlemagne.' (Lanfrey, _Vie de Napoleon_, iii. 420.)
[402] Napoleon said on one occasion, 'Je n'ai pas succédé a Louis
Quatorze, mais à Charlemagne.'--Bourrienne, _Vie de Napoléon_, iv. In
1804, shortly before he was crowned, he had the imperial insignia of
Charles brought from the old Frankish capital, and exhibited them in a
jeweller's shop in Paris, along with those which had just been made
for his own coronation;--(Bourrienne, _ut supra_.) Somewhat in the
same spirit in which he displayed the Bayeux tapestry, in order to
incite his subjects to the conquest of England.
[403] 'Je n'ai pu concilier ces grands interêts (of political order
and the spiritual authority of the Pope) qu'en annulant les donations
des Empereurs Français, mes predecesseurs, et en réunissant les états
romains à la France.'--Proclamation issued in 1809: _Œuvres_, iv.
[404] See Appendix, Note C.
[405] Pope Pius VII wrote to the First Consul, 'Carissime in Christo
Fili noster ... tam perspecta sunt nobis tuæ voluntatis studia erga
nos, ut _quotiescunque_ ope aliqua in rebus nostris indigemus, eam a
te fidenter petere non dubitare debeamus.'--Quoted by Ægidi.
[406] Let us place side by side the letters of Hadrian to Charles in
the _Codex Carolinus_, and the following preamble to the Concordat of
A.D. 1801, between the First Consul and the Pope (which I quote from
the _Bullarium Romanum_), and mark the changes of a thousand years.
'Gubernium reipublicæ [Gallicæ] recognoscit religionem Catholicam
Apostolicam Romanam eam esse religionem quam longe maxima pars civium
Gallicæ reipublicæ profitetur.
'Summus pontifex pari modo recognoscit eandem religionem maximam
utilitatem maximumque decus percepisse et hoc quoque tempore
præstolari ex catholico cultu in Gallia constituto, necnon ex
peculiari eius professione quam faciunt reipublicæ consules.'
[407] Cf. Heeren, _Political System_, vol. iii. 273.
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