There were also many other occupations, partly serious, partly
entertaining, which filled up the life of the Greek citizen. At the time
of the highest political development of Athens, in the fifth and fourth
centuries, the political and judicial duties occupied a considerable
amount of a citizen’s time. Even if he did not fill any of the numerous
unpaid posts, or sit in the Council of Five Hundred, the _Boule_, whose
duty it was to hold preliminary discussions, he still had to devote
about forty days of the year to the ordinary popular assemblies, in
addition to which there were often extraordinary meetings. Supposing the
lot should have appointed him to be one of the 6,000 jurymen (ἡλιασταί)
annually chosen, this gave him plenty to do for his year of office, for,
besides the meetings, he had to acquire information about various suits
at which he had to give his opinion; and we know, chiefly from
Aristophanes, how devoted many citizens were to their judicial duties,
and how all their thoughts and actions were often centred in this
activity, which by no means always exercised a good moral influence over
them. Rich citizens also performed voluntary public services
(λειτουργίαι), which consisted partly in entertaining the people by
providing scenic or choric representations, gymnastic games, torchlight
processions, etc., partly in important services to the State, such as
equipping a man-of-war at their own expense. These voluntary services
not only imposed on the rich citizens considerable money burdens, which
in later times, when the Athenian wealth had diminished, could no longer
be met by one individual, but also took up a great deal of their time,
since they had not only to supply the necessary money, but also to
superintend and arrange the work. Another change in the monotony of
daily life was supplied by the religious festivals, in which the Attic
calendar was unusually rich, and the theatrical and other performances
connected with them, with which we shall deal later on.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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