It was originally the custom to burn the whole animal, with skin and
hair, but though this extravagant mode of sacrificing was sometimes in
use in later times, it became common to burn only the thigh bones and
certain flesh parts of the animal, and to use the rest for a festive
banquet. In consequence the number of victims was often calculated
according to the number of persons invited to the banquet; in other
cases it depended on the importance of the occasion, or the fortune of
the sacrificers, and even in historical times it was not unusual for
whole communities or very rich private citizens to offer a hecatomb (a
sacrifice of a hundred oxen), or even several, on which occasions the
sacrifice only supplied the opportunity for entertaining the people on a
magnificent scale. As a rule, the animals sacrificed must be sound and
healthy in every respect; but at Sparta, which was often reproached with
excessive economy in sacrifices, diseased cattle were sometimes used.
There were several other necessary conditions to be observed; thus, the
animals must never have been in the service of man; the ox that drew the
plough might not be sacrificed. The sex of the victim generally
corresponded to that of the deity to whom it was offered. Even the
colour was of importance; white animals were usually offered to the gods
of light, black to the infernal gods. There do not seem to have been any
fixed regulations with regard to age, except that the animals must have
attained a certain maturity.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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