We have only a general notion of the order of the festivities. They
began with the contests, which lasted several days, taking the musical
contest first, which was followed by the gymnastic, and this again by
the equestrian. With these were probably connected the Pyrrhic dance and
the muster of men. Then came the chief day of all, the glory of the
festival, introduced the evening before by a festivity combined with a
torch-race, and lasting far into the night (παννυχίς). At sunrise began
the great procession which was peculiar to the greater Panathenaea. Here
the goddess received her splendid robe, which was renewed every four
years, and artistically worked by the Attic women and maidens, so as to
represent the battle of the gods and giants. This procession, of which a
wonderfully idealised representation has come down to us in the friezes
of the Cella of the Parthenon, combined all the chief splendour and
glory of Athens, all the proud youth and fair beauty of women. In it
marched priests and prophets, archons, and the treasurers of Athene, the
superintendents of sacrifice, generals, envoys from the Attic colonies,
with their dedicatory offerings, and other delegates sent to the feast.
Behind these dignified men followed beautiful maidens, carrying
sacrificial vessels, censers, etc.; then came the resident foreigners
(μέτοικοι), with flat dishes filled with honey-cakes, fruits, and other
sacrificial offerings, and jars containing the wine required for the
sacrifices; their daughters carried sunshades and seats for the
daughters of Attic citizens. Next came the numerous herds of cows and
sheep for the sacrifices, accompanied by drovers. These were followed by
the Attic citizens, venerable old men and men in the prime of life,
carrying their knotty sticks and olive branches in their hands; then
came the four-horse chariots, which had entered for the contests of the
previous days. The greater part of the procession was taken up by the
cavalry, in which appeared the citizens who served on horseback in the
army, as well as other owners of fine horses; the fondness for
horse-rearing peculiar to Attica made this part of the procession
especially large and splendid. There were also the heavy-armed infantry
under the command of their officers, and the musicians, who played
during the march on their instruments--flutes and citharas; of course,
the victors in the various competitions took part in the procession,
though probably each walked with the members of his own tribe. The most
conspicuous place was occupied by the robe of the goddess, which, at any
rate after the beginning of the fourth century, was suspended like a
sail on the mast of a ship, running on rollers, and spread out in such a
way that all might admire the splendid workmanship.
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