Perhaps this day was concluded by a “Comus,” as public processions of
this kind often followed common banquets, and since it was the god of
wine who was specially to be honoured, it was, no doubt, very splendidly
equipped. The next days were occupied with representations of tragic
tetralogies and comedies; it is not certain whether these lasted two or
more days, but it is probable that they continued for three days, and
that on each of these a tetralogy was performed in the morning and a
comedy in the afternoon. On the evening of the third day of the
performances, which concluded the whole festival, the prizes were
distributed; in these musical contests they consisted of bulls and
tripods. These last were often set up in a public street on a high
pedestal by the victors, and hence it acquired the name “Street of
Tripods.”
Very different in character from these Dionysiac festivals of Attica
were the night celebrations which took place in some parts of Greece,
but especially on the Cithaeron and Parnassus, on the Islands, and in
Asia Minor, every other year, and in which only women, both married and
unmarried, took part. The wild and orgiastic character of these Dionysia
originated in Thrace, but spread very quickly, and found much favour
among the women, who were inclined to this kind of ecstatic worship.
They fell in the middle of winter, about the time of the shortest day;
the women dressed for the purpose in Bacchic costume, threw deer-skins
over their shoulders, let their hair fly loose, and took in their hands
the thyrsus staff and tambourine, and thus wandered to the hills near
their homes, and there performed all manner of mysterious ceremonies,
sacrifices, dances, etc., amid the wildest merriment resulting from the
juice of the grape, which was seldom allowed them. We can form some
notion of the wild nature of the proceedings from the descriptions of
the poets and artistic representations of Maenads; still, we must always
remember that both poets and artists described not so much the customs
of their own day as those of mythical or heroic periods, and permitted
themselves many exaggerations which did not correspond to reality.
These descriptions of Greek, and especially Athenian, festivities must
suffice, and we pass over a number of festivals in Greece and the
colonies, of which we know little more than the names. Those who desire
a striking picture of a great festival, which, though Oriental in its
origin, had become Hellenised, celebrated in a great city in the
Alexandrine age, should read the splendid description by Theocritus in
his Fifteenth Idyll of the Feast of Adonis at Alexandria.
CHAPTER XII.
THE THEATRE.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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