[5] The engravings illustrating the chapters on "Fractures" and "Dislocations" are from Buck's "Reference Handbook of Medical Science," published by William Wood & Co., New York; also, Scudder's "Treatment of Fractures" and "American Text-Book of Surgery," published by W. B. Saunder's Company, Philadelphia. [6] It should be distinctly understood that the information about fractures is not supplied to enable anyone to avoid calling a surgeon, but is to be followed only until expert assistance can be obtained and, like other advice in this book, is intended to furnish first-aid information or directions to those who are in places where physicians cannot be secured. [7] For treatment of compound fracture, see Compound Fracture of Leg (p. 116). [8] This method follows closely that recommended by Scudder, in his book "The Treatment of Fractures." CHAPTER V =Dislocations= _How to Tell a Dislocation--Reducing a Dislocated Jaw--Stimson's Method of Treating a Dislocated Shoulder--Appearance of Elbow when Out of Joint--Hip Dislocations--Forms of Bandages._ =DISLOCATIONS; BONES OUT OF JOINT.= =JAW.=--Rare. Mouth remains open, lower teeth advanced forward. _First Aid Rule 1.--Protect your thumbs. Put on thick leather gloves, or bind them with thick bandage._ _Rule 2.--Assistant steadies patient from behind, with hands both sides of his head, operator presses downward and backward with his thumbs on back teeth of patient, each side of patient's jaw, while the chin is grasped between forefingers and raised upward. Idea is to stretch the ligament at jaw joint, and swing jaw back while pulling on this ligament. (Fig. 29.)_ _Rule 3.--Tie jaw with four-tailed bandage up against upper jaw for a week. (Fig. 12, p. 90.)_ =SHOULDER.=--Common accident. No hurry. See p. 122. =ELBOW.=--Rare. No hurry. See p. 125. =HIP.=--No hurry. See p. 129. =KNEE.=--Rare. Easily reduced. Head of lower bone (tibia) is moved to one side; knee slightly bent. _First Aid Rule 1.--Put patient on back._ _Rule 2.--Flex thigh on abdomen and hold it there._ _Rule 3.--Grasp leg below knee and twist it back and forth, and straighten knee._