The most effective treatment, according to Dr. George Rambaud, Director of the Pasteur Institute of New York City, is thorough washing of the wound (after it has been opened with the knife) with freshly prepared solution of chloride of lime, in the proportion of one part of lime to sixty of water. The burning of a wound is bad practice. If necessary, chloride-of-lime solution should be injected into the tissues around the wound. One about to go into a place where the most venomous snakes are found should inject into himself a dose of Calmette's antivenomous serum every two or three weeks as a means of prevention. If the serum is used, whisky should not be given in the treatment of one who has been bitten, for the anti-venene is a powerful cell stimulator. Calmette, the Director of the Pasteur Institute in Lille, France, several years ago discovered antivenomous serum. That serum is efficient for the bites of most of the venomous snakes of different countries, including the rattlesnake, cobra, python, etc. It is prepared in the dry form so that it can be carried easily, and will keep almost indefinitely. The proper course to be followed by persons going into countries infested by venomous snakes is always to have on hand a few doses of it. Its value has been positively demonstrated within the last few years in India, where it is used in the British Army, as well as in other countries. In the fluid form it should be used hypodermically, a dose of ten cubic centimeters being injected within eighty or ninety minutes of the reception of the poison. =DOG BITE OR CAT BITE.= (See Hydrophobia, Vol. V, p. 264.) _First Aid Rule 1.--Make sure animal is mad. Send patient to Pasteur institute if one is within reach._ _Rule 2.--Remove poison from wound. Encourage bleeding by squeezing tissue about wound. Suck wound, if you have no cracks in lips, and spit out fluid. Pour hot carbolic solution into wound (a third of a teaspoonful of carbolic acid to a pint of hot water)._ _Rule 3.--Cauterize. Dip wooden meat skewer, or lead pencil, into pure nitric acid, and rub into wound. Or, use red-hot poker, or red-hot nail grasped by tongs or pincers, or red coal from fire._ _Rule 4.--Do not kill the animal. If he is alive and well at the end of a week, he was not mad._ CHAPTER IX =Burns, Scalds, Frostbites, Etc.= _Classes of Burns--Treatment--Burns Caused by Acids and Alkalies--First Aid Rules for Frostbites--Real Freezing--Ingrowing Toe Nail--Fainting--Suffocation--Fits._ =BURNS AND SCALDS.=--If slight, skin very red, unbroken. _First Aid Rule.--Cover with cloths wet in strong solution of baking soda in cold water. Dry gently, and spread with white of egg, thick._ If deeper, blisters, skin broken, thick swelling; there may be some bleeding.