The Honey-Bee: Its Natural History, Physiology and ManagementBevan, Edward
History
The Honey-Bee: Its Natural History, Physiology and Management
Bevan, Edward
Bee culture; Bees
These are connected together by ligaments.
The +Head+, in common with that of other creatures, is the inlet for
nutrition and the principal seat of the organs of sensation.--Of
nutrition and sensation I shall speak in their appropriate places.
The +Trunk+ is the intermediate section of the body between the head and
the abdomen: it approaches in figure to a sphere, and is the seat of the
organs of motion; it contains the muscles of the wings and legs which
proceed from it, and is the main prop, or as it were the key-stone, of
the other two sections. The upper side is called _thorax_ or the _chest_,
the under side _pectus_ or the _breast_.
The +Abdomen+ is the third section of the body, posterior to the
trunk; it is divided into six rings or segments, which, by sliding one
over another, serve to shorten or lengthen the body. It is the seat
of the organs of generation, and principally of those connected with
respiration; and contains also the anus and the sting. The upper part is
called _tergum_ or the _back_, the under side _venter_ or the _belly_.
+The Head.+
The most remarkable part of the head is the +Proboscis+, of which so good
an account has been given by +Dr. Evans+ that I shall describe it nearly
in his words.
It is not so much the mere simplicity of nature, which excites our
wonder and admiration, as that apparently complex structure, which
operates with all the ease of the simplest machinery. Of this we have
not a more striking instance than in the proboscis of the labouring bee:
though the component parts of the proboscis are scarcely discernible by
the naked eye, yet are they far more complicated than the elephant's
stupendous trunk. It consists of no less than five distinct branches;
namely, a central trunk, or tongue, and four horny scales, tapering to
a point, convex outwards and concave towards the trunk; the two outer
ones so sheath the inner as to appear but one single tube: by a joint
in the middle they bend, or extend all at once, carrying with them the
unarticulated tongue, which is cylindrical, and about the size of a man's
hair, and appears through a magnifier to be composed of successive rings.
It has probably as many short muscles as the tongue of a fish, which
are capable of moving it in all directions; and towards its termination
is furnished with hairs or villi, some of which at the point are very
long, and seem to act like capillary tubes. +Mr. Wildman+ assures us,
that he has seen the trunk growing bigger and less by turns, swelling
the instant the bee sucked; and this alternate lessening and enlargement
propagated from the extremity to the root. What a delicate apparatus of
invisible muscles must perform this office! The tongue is capable of
being contracted and folded up at pleasure; for if it were constantly
extended, it would be exposed to injury: when at rest, therefore, it is
doubled up by means of its joint, and lies in a very small compass; the
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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