The Southwest has always been a storied land to its native dwellers.
Mountain profile, sweep of plain, carved-out mesa, deep canyon, cave,
lava stream, level lake bed, painted desert, river shore, spring and
forest are theirs in intimacy, and around them have gathered legends
which are bits of ancient history, together with multitude of myths of
nature deities reaching back into the misty beginning.
Deep is this intimacy in the practical affairs of life, teaching the
way to the salt, the place of the springs, the range of the game, the
nest of the honey bee, the home of the useful plants, the quarry of
the prized stones, and the beds of clay for pottery, for the desert is
home and there is no thing hidden from keen eyes. From far off, too,
came in trade shells from the Pacific, feathers from Mexico, buffalo
pelts from the Plains, and, perhaps, pipestone from Minnesota, so that
the land of sunshine was not so isolated as one might think, and its
resources fed, clothed, and ministered to the esthetic and religious
needs of numerous tribes of men from the old days to the present.
The white men who tracked across the vast stretches of the "Great
American Desert" no doubt saw ruined towns sown over the waste, and
perhaps believed them lost to history, little suspecting that within
reach lived dusky-hued men, to whom these potsherd-strewn mounds and
crumbling walls were no sealed book. The newer explorers have drawn
the old-world stories from the lips of living traditionists, and by
their friendly aid have gathered the clues which, when joined, will
throw a flood of light on the wanderings of the ancient people.
Through them it has been learned that each pueblo preserves with
faithful care the history of its beginnings and the wanderings of its
clans. This at proper times the old men repeat and the story often
takes a poetical form chanted with great effect in the ceremonies. As
an example of these interesting myths, one should read the Zuñi Ritual
of Creation, that Saga of the Americans which reveals a beauty and
depth of thought and form surprising to those who have a limited view
of the ability of the Indian.
One thing is settled in the minds of the Pueblo dwellers. In the
beginning all the people lived in the seven-story cave of the
underworld, whence they climbed toward the light and after reaching
the surface of the earth, migrated, led by supernatural beings. Where
the mythical underworld adventures leave off begins a real account,
telling the wanderings of the clans and the laying of the foundations
of the multitudinous ruins of the Pueblo region. It may not be
possible to connect all the ruinous villages with the migrations of
the present Indians, for there is room enough in this vast country to
have sunk into oblivion other peoples and languages, as the vanished
Piro, who passed away since the white strangers came to Cibola, but
much may be done to gather the glittering threads before they slip
from sight.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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