Spartans, the, 25 “Spumador,” 82 Spurs, in time of Henry II., 113; Irish, 110; John Selwyn's, 188; of “Blanche Rose,” 155; of the Greeks, 57; of the Wife of Bath, 131; of the Romans, 65 Stage coaches, 238-240 Stakes, at Newmarket, 254; in Mongolia, 291; Louis XIV.'s Plate, 255; St George's Cup, 208; silver bells as, 177, 205-208, 245; snaffle as, 177; under James II., 262; won by descendants of Eclipse, 291; won by Seigneur Nicolle Dex, 154, 156 Stallions, adapted for coach use, 240; Arabian, 76, 203, 204, 264, 267-270, 289; celebrated seventeenth-century, 257; celebrated eighteenth-century, 267-270, 273-276; colour of, 111; Dutch purchase racing, 226; Eastern breed of, 114; fed on eggs and oysters, 178; importation of, 76, 114, 116, 148, 203, 204, 207, 212, 226, 264; law against exportation of, 166; shire, 144; Spanish, 107, 227, 230; thoroughbred, 288 Staying power, 105, 111 Stirrup leathers, 228 Stirrups, 40; in Ireland, 110; regularly used, 88; standing in, 220; unknown to Bedouins, 287 Stud, 274, 288; Charles II.'s, 250, 257; Cromwell's, 243; Cumberland Lodge, 267; Duke of Newcastle's, 251; Edward III.'s, 125; Elizabeth's, 144; established by William the Conqueror, 114; King's Master of the, 264; Marquis of Mantua's, 157; modern forms, 116; Royal stud, 148, 149, 207, 216; Wolsey's, 144 “Sumpter horses,” 193 Superstitions, 78, 79, 121, 123, 213-215 Superstitions about horseshoes, 280, 286 Tarentum, 22 Tartars, the, 36, 123 Theobald's, race meeting at, 245 Thessalians, the, 21 Thessaly, 50, 54, 61, 62 Thetford Race Meeting suppressed, 219 Thomas à Becket, 113 Thoroughbreds, 114, 197, 199, 230, 251, 274, 275, 288, 293; development of, 288; Dodsworth included in royal stud, 250; English, introduced into France, 231; fed on eggs and oysters, 78; in Richard II.'s reign, 130; introduced into America, 287; management of, 215; Mr T. A. Cook on, 267; nineteenth century, 288; of William III., 263; sold at a loss, 242 Thracian horses, 14 Thracians, the, 12, 14, 122 Three-year-olds, 271, 288 Thurii, 37 Trainers, 156, 220, 221, 230 Trappings, 13, 14, 34, 159, 237, 257 Trickery in racing, 174, 176, 205, 209, 270 Tripods, 11 Trojans, the, 4, 28 Troy, 28, 29 Tryers and gentlemen tryers, 177, 218, 220 Turf, the, 145, 157, 173-176, 205, 231, 245, 251, 255, 261, 264, 265, 273-275, 288 Turkish horses, 215, 243, 244 Two Thousand, the, 288 Valerian, the Emperor, 43 Varni, the, 89 Vedic Aryans, the, 20 Veneti, the, 36, 101 Verus, the Emperor, 80 Veterinary surgeons, 221 Vicious breeds, 104 “Villiers Arabs,” 204