It was not alone the advocacy of "direct action" which incurred for the I. W. W. the enmity of the Socialists. The latter felt that when the I. W. W. in 1908 "repudiated political action," it really declared war on the Socialist party. That party obviously could not consistently approve of the Detroit I. W. W. because that faction was really the ward of a rival political organization, the Socialist Labor party. Ernest Untermann, who was one of the founders of the Industrial Workers of the World, said at a previous convention of the Socialist party: "When we organized the I. W. W., we hoped that it would be both a political and an economic organization.... Instead of that, from the very outside there crept in an element that made for disintegration, and today the I. W. W. has drifted back toward syndicalism."[554] He declared, moreover, that the I. W. W. deeply in debt to the Socialist party, as he intimated, had ungratefully obstructed the work of the party: We helped the I. W. W. in its fight for free speech in Spokane and for working-class power on the coast, [he said] and yet while our speakers were collecting money [in San Francisco] ... to help the I. W. W., the fighters from the I. W. W. were on the outside of our meetings and knocking.... They sent their fighters over to Local Oakland, right across the bay, with the avowed purpose of breaking up that local and destroying the activity of the Socialist party.... I shall be true to the principle of industrial unionism, but the I. W. W. can go to hell. (Applause.)[555] Finally the last tie that connected the I. W. W. with the Socialist party was broken when, in February, 1913, William D. Haywood was recalled from the National Executive Committee of the party.[556] FOOTNOTES: [509] _Cf._ Appendix iv, Table A. The industrial distribution of fifty-nine of these is given in _Solidarity_ (May 14, 1910) as follows: Quarry workers 1 Bakery workers 1 Metal and machine workers 3 Building workers 8 Lumber workers 2 Public service workers 2 Hotel workers 2 Packing house workers 2 Garment workers 1 Glass workers 1 Coal miners 7 Harbor workers 1 Steel workers 5 Car builders 5 Transportation workers 1 Wood workers 1 Textile workers 1 Mixed locals 15 __ 59 [510] "The development of syndicalism in America," _Political Science Quarterly_, vol. xviii, p. 470 (Sept., 1913). [511] Report of the General Secretary-Treasurer to the Fourth Convention, _Industrial Union Bulletin_, Oct. 24, 1908. For list of strikes, _vide_ Appendix viii. [512] _Industrial Relations_ (Testimony at hearings). vol. ii, pp. 1460, 1461.