Mortgages: statistics of, 111; development of, 119; significance of, 128; semi-optimistic views on, 128; view of Mr. E. Atkinson on, 128-132; of Mr. G. H. Holmes, 132; view of Rev. Wm. D. P. Bliss, Editor of Enc. of Soc. Reform, 133; Semi-pessimistic views: view of Mr. J. P. Dunn, Jr., Burden of Debt, 134; losses of property by foreclosure, an example, 135, 136; view of Mr. D. R. Goodloe, 136. See: Debt. Mulhall, Mr., comparison of farmers of different countries, 93. Napoleon Bonaparte, 107-8. Poor: grow absolutely poorer, 172. Population: in families, 18; in individuals, 5, 12; increase of in 1897, 163, 164, 165; in 1900, 182. Primogeniture, Great Britain and Japan, 70, 74, 136. Productivity of the Americans: on farm, 93; in industry, 94, 95, 96. Propertyless: “Less than half the nation,” 18; “tenants,” group 1st, 2d table, 32; causes of the increase of the propertyless, 52; propertyless is a resourceless man of multiple expenditure, 61-68-71; he is a source of multiple income for many propertied, 68; without employment, 69; pay rent or are expelled, 77-78; unseen forces compel him to be a slave, 76; more than half the population, 82; made the nation in 1865, 85; could build and inhabit 33 most populous cities, 83, 84; have nothing to hope for, 86-7; number of in 1897, 179; number of in 1900, 182. Rates of interest are higher against the poor debtors, 127-8. See: Debt. Real estate indebtedness, 121. See: Debt. Rent: house rent per family, 147; house rent on farms, 149; rent paid for homes and farms by increased population, 164-5; average house rent, 147; for farms, 148-9; totals of rent paid, table, 169; according to Dr. Spahr for 1890, house and office, 152-3; rent for 1900, 182-3-4. Resources: of the propertied, 53-60; of the propertyless, 61, 64-5; a semi-resourced man, 68. Rich: comparison of, 42; deeper reasons why the rich grow absolutely richer, 172-3. See: Distribution. Rome, mistress of the world, 17. Shearman, Tho. G., conclusions of, 11, 12, 24, 32; his basis of averages differ, 38; one average covers 89.4% of the entire population, 40. Spahr, C. B., Dr. conclusions of, 18, 20, 24; table, 28, 31. See: Taxes. Statistics of wealth, by J. K. Upton, special agent of the 11th census, 27, 181. See: Mortgages. Steam power: increase of, 57. Taxes: proportions of national taxes, 175; indirect taxes paid, 176; decrease of national taxes, 176; unjust to the poor, 176; local taxes: proportions of, 176; local taxes less unjust to the poor, 177; local taxes paid, 178; the poor pay taxes on gross incomes, 179; total taxes paid by the rich and the poor, 178, 179; taxes increased by the war, 180-1.