The Industrial Arts in SpainRiaño, Juan F. (Juan Facundo)
History
The Industrial Arts in Spain
Riaño, Juan F. (Juan Facundo)
Decorative arts -- Spain -- History; Pottery -- Spain -- History
It is almost impossible to classify the existing specimens of
Hispano-Moresque pottery. A few examples are marked with the monogram of
Manises, or possess some special sign, such as the Eagle of St. John,
which would make it appear they were made in the province of Valencia,
but as the texts from ancient authors only praise this pottery and give
no details of its general characteristics, it is very difficult to
assign any given specimens to the manufactories of Aragon and Valencia.
The receipts which I have given prove that the ingredients used were the
same, the modification in lustre was owing to the different combinations
of silver and copper. The system hitherto adopted of classifying this
ware by the localities in which it has been purchased is not a safe one,
unless borne out by further evidence. All that can be done at the
present time is to point out the oldest specimens, and probable period
of their manufacture. As a general rule the finest specimens are also
the oldest, for this industry decayed after the Moors were expelled from
Spain, and Italian pottery was imported into that country in the 16th
century.
The opinion which has been so generally accepted that gold lustred
pottery was made and exported from the Balearic Islands has been
contradicted by D^{n}. Alvaro Campaner y Fuertes in a letter addressed to
Baron Davillier which appeared in the "Museo Balear," Palma, 1875, in
which he refutes the Baron's arguments on the pottery which he supposes
to have come from that locality.
TERRA COTTAS.--_AZULEJOS_, OR WALL DECORATIONS OF
TILES.--EARTHENWARE.--BUCAROS AND UNGLAZED POTTERY.
The earliest historical notice which I have met with of Terracottas is
in a grant made in A.D. 1222, by King Don Fernando el Santo, in favour
of the manufacturers of bricks or tiles at Talavera (M. S. Bibl.
Nacional Madrid, Dd. 114, p. 17), and another document of a similar kind
by his son, King Don Alonso el Sabio A.D. 1281, in favour of the
Cathedral of Cordova, "that no pottery works should be allowed inside
the town, unless they were established in the same manner as in the time
of the Moors." (Mem. Hist. Español, t. ii. p. 45). Although this
information is not of great importance, it enables us to infer that in
the 13th century an industry existed in Spain which was closely
connected with pottery. Baron Davillier mentions a privilege granted by
King D^{n}. Jaime de Aragon to the inhabitants of Jativa, province of
Valencia, in which he commands, "that any master potter who made jars,
pots, pans, tiles, and bricks, should pay a tribute of one _besant_
yearly for each oven, and be permitted to carry out his industry with no
other obligation or service." (Col. Doc. Ineditos, vol. xviii. p. 67.)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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