The Industrial History of EnglandGibbins, Henry de Beltgens
History
The Industrial History of England
Gibbins, Henry de Beltgens
Great Britain -- Economic conditions; Industries -- Great Britain -- History
1. POPULATION OF ROMAN BRITAIN (p. 2)--It is, of course, impossible
to state this accurately. Much of the land that supported a large
population in Roman times afterwards fell waste--_e.g._ the fens of the
eastern counties (p. 111); but the numerous Roman remains still left to
us testify to a considerable economic development. (Cf. also the facts
given in Cunningham’s _Growth of English Industry_, p. 53).
2. MARKETS ON BOUNDARIES (p. 3)--A good example of this is
Moreton-in-Marsh, an ancient market town situated on the boundaries
of the four counties of Oxford, Gloucester, Worcester and Warwick
shires. This fact is recorded by a stone, known as “the four shires’
stone,” and situated about a mile from the town on the London Road.
The religious origin of many markets, alluded to in the case of
Glasgow, should not be forgotten. (Cf. Cunningham’s _Growth of English
Industry_, p. 76.)
3. DANISH INFLUENCE ON COMMERCE (p. 4)--The Danes, before ever they
came to England, were enterprising navigators, as is shown by their
very early commerce with Russia, their colonization of Iceland (A.D.
874), and discovery of Greenland (A.D. 985), and the coast of the (now)
Eastern United States. They settled chiefly in the north of England,
in very large numbers and formed an active industrial population, many
of them becoming leading merchants. They were instrumental in causing
English trade to develop in the north of Europe, and generally speaking
gave a stimulus to navigation. (Cf. Cunningham’s _Growth of English
Industry_, p. 83 _sqq._--1890 ed.)
4. MANORIAL COURTS (p. 19)--The court baron was composed of a kind
of jury of freeholders and was concerned with civil proceedings. The
court leet was composed of all tenants, both free and serf, who acted
as a jury in criminal cases, minor offences, and so forth. Both courts
were presided over by the lord of the manor or his bailiff. Thus local
discipline and law was concentrated in the hands of the inhabitants
of the parish themselves, and the {244} manorial courts were a very
useful means of education in local self-government. Unfortunately their
power, utility, and educational influence declined with the decay of
the whole manorial system. (Cf. Rogers’ _Work and Wages_, pp. 63 and
420.--1889 ed.)
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