According to Krapff, a Protestant missionary in East Africa, the Wanikas marry at twelve, boys and girls alike (_Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft_, vol. iii, p. 317). In Paraguay the Jesuits introduced the custom, which still holds among their disciples, of marrying the boys at thirteen and the girls at ten. Widows of eleven and twelve are to be seen in this country (A. d’Orbigny, _L’Homme américain_, vol. i, p. 40). In South Brazil the women marry at ten or eleven. Menstruation both appears and ceases at an early age (Martius and Spix, _Reise in Brasilien_ vol. i, p. 382). Such quotations might be infinitely extended; I will only cite one more. In the novel of Yo-kiao-Li the Chinese heroine is sixteen years old, and her father is in despair that at such an age she is not yet married! Footnote 67: Prichard, p. 486. Footnote 68: It has been since discovered that this fairness, in certain Jews, is due to a mixture of Tartar blood; in the 9th century a tribe of Chasars went over to Judaism and intermarried with the German-Polish Jews (Kutschera, _Die Chasaren_).—Tr. Footnote 69: _Edinburgh Review_, “Ethnology or the Science of Races,” October 1848, pp. 444–8: “There is probably no evidence of original diversity of race which is so generally relied upon as that derived from the _colour of the skin and the character of the hair_ ... but it will not, we think, stand the test of a serious examination....” Footnote 70: _Ibid._, p. 453: “The Cingalese are described by Dr. Davy as varying in colour from light brown to black. The prevalent hue of their hair and eyes is black, but hazel eyes and brown hair are not very uncommon; grey eyes and red hair are occasionally seen, though rarely, and sometimes the light blue or red eye and flaxen hair of the Albino.” Footnote 71: _Edinburgh Review_, “The Samoyedes, Tungusians, and others living on the borders of the Icy Sea have a dirty brown or swarthy complexion.” Footnote 72: _Ibid._, p. 439. Footnote 73: _Ibid._, p. 439 (summarized). Footnote 74: Hammer, _Geschichte des Osmanischen Reichs_, vol. i, p. 2. Footnote 75: Ritter, _Erdkunde, Asien_, vol. i, pp. 433, 1115, &c.; Tassen, _Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes_, vol. ii, p. 65; Benfey, Ersch and Gruber’s _Encyclopädie, Indien_, p. 12. A. von Humboldt calls this fact one of the most important discoveries of our time (_Asie centrale_, vol. ii, p. 639). From the point of view of historical science this is absolutely true. Footnote 76: Nushirwan, who reigned in the first half of the sixth century A.D., married Sharuz, daughter of the Turkish Khan. She was the most beautiful woman of her time (Haneberg, _Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes_, vol. i, p. 187). The Shahnameh gives many facts of the same kind. Footnote 77: