Carus gives his powerful support to the law I have laid down, namely that the civilizing races are especially prone to mix their blood. He points out the immense variety of elements composing the perfected human organism, as against the simplicity of the infinitesimal beings on the lowest step in the scale of creation. He deduces the following axiom: “Whenever there is an extreme likeness between the elements of an organic whole, its state cannot be regarded as the expression of a complete and final development, but is merely primitive and elementary” (_Über die ungleiche Befähigkeit der verschiedenen Menschheitstämme für höhere geistige Entwickelung_, p. 4). In another place he says: “The greatest possible diversity (_i.e._ inequality) of the parts, together with the most complete unity of the whole, is clearly, in every sphere, the standard of the highest perfection of an organism.” In the political world this is the state of a society where the governing classes are racially quite distinct from the masses, while being themselves carefully organised into a strict hierarchy. Footnote 95: Flourens (_Eloge de Blumenbach_, p. xi) describes the Polynesian race as “a mixture of two others, the _Caucasian_ and the Mongolian.” _Caucasian_ is probably a mere slip; he certainly meant _black_. Footnote 96: The physiological characteristics of the ancestors are reproduced in their descendants according to fixed rules. Thus we see in South America that though the children of a white man and a negress may have straight soft hair, yet the crisp woolly hair invariably appears in the second generation (A. d’Orbigny, _l’Homme américain_, vol. i, p. 143). Footnote 97: It may be remarked that the happiest blend, from the point of view of beauty, is that made by the marriage of white and black. We need only put the striking charm of many mulatto, Creole, and quadroon women by the side of such mixtures of yellow and white as the Russians and Hungarians. The comparison is not to the advantage of the latter. It is no less certain that a beautiful Rajput is more ideally beautiful than the most perfect Slav. Footnote 98: _See_ (among other authorities), for the American aborigine, Martius and Spix, _Reise in Brasilien_, vol. i, p. 259; for the negroes, Pruner, _Der Neger, eine aphoristische Skizze aus der medizinischen Topographie von Cairo_, in the _Zeitschrift der Deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft_, vol. i, p. 131; for the muscular superiority of the white race over all the others, Carus, _op. cit._, p. 84. Footnote 99: Amédée Thierry, _Histoire de la Gaule sous l’administration romaine_, vol. i, p. 241. Footnote 100: