Both troubadours who flourished in the latter half of the twelfth century.—Tr. Footnote 135: Macaulay, “History of England,” _ad init._ The Albigenses are the special favourites of revolutionary writers, especially in Germany (_see_ Lenau’s poem, _Die Albigenser_). Nevertheless the sectaries of Languedoc were recruited mainly from the knightly orders and the dignitaries of the Church. Their doctrines were indeed anti-social; and for this reason much may be pardoned to them. Footnote 136: See the curious remarks of Génin in his preface to the _Chanson de Roland_ (edited 1851). Footnote 137: _See_ Hickes, _Thesaurus litteraturæ septentrionalis_; also _L’Histoire littéraire de France_, vol. xvii, p. 633. Footnote 138: Published in the _Revue des Deux Mondes_. Footnote 139: P. Pâris, _Garin le Loherain_, preface. Footnote 140: It may however be observed that the accent of Vaud and Savoy has a southern ring, strongly reminiscent of the colony of Aventicum. Footnote 141: _See_ p. 43. Footnote 142: Pott brings out very well the fact that the different dialects maintain the balance between the blood of a race and its language, when he says, “Dialects are the diversity in unity, the prismatic sections of the monochromatic light and the primordial One” (Ersch and Gruber’s _Encyclopädie_, p. 66). The phraseology is obscure; but it shows his meaning clearly enough. Footnote 143: This caution applies only when the history of a single people is in question, not that of a group of peoples. Although one nation may sometimes change its language, this never happens, and could not happen, in the case of a complex of nationalities, racially identical though politically independent. The Jews have given up their national speech; but the Semitic nations as a whole can neither lose their native dialects nor acquire others. Footnote 144: “Taste and smell in the negro are as powerful as they are undiscriminating. He eats everything, and odours which are revolting to us are pleasant to him” (Pruner). Footnote 145: Carus, _op. cit._, p. 60. Footnote 146: Martius observes that the European is superior to the coloured man in the pressure of the nervous fluid (_Reise in Brasilien_, vol. i, p. 259). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ THE RENAISSANCE BY COUNT ARTHUR DE GOBINEAU TRANSLATED BY PAUL V. COHN, WITH AN INTRODUCTORY ESSAY ON COUNT GOBINEAU’S LIFE AND WORK, BY DR. OSCAR LEVY One Volume, Demy 8vo, Illustrated, 10s net LONDON: WILLIAM HEINEMANN