Cottoners, 90 County Towns, their former importance, 3, 122-3 Coventry, 26, 115 Craft Gilds, earliest mention of, 34 become numerous, 35 favoured by Merchant Gild, 20, 22, 34, 36 take over work of Merchant Gild, 20, 35 motives for forming, religious, 31-2 social, 33 commercial, 34 police, 36 incorporated, 38, 55 at Shrewsbury, 10 favoured by municipal authorities, 36, 38, 43 composition of, 39 officers, election unrestricted, 40 wardens, 41 assistants, 41 stewards, 42 beadle, 42 searcher, 43, 46, 87 clerk, 43 treasurer, 43 key-keeper, 44 take oath before bailiffs, 37, 40 meetings, 43 importance of, commercial, 45 social, 33, 34, 47-50 constitutional, 48-9 as benefit clubs, 50 specially interesting at present time, 49-51 development of trade introduces abuses, 56-7 policy of reform, 58 demoralisation, 65-7 robbed by government, 67 et seq. effects of this, 75 et seq. reorganisation, 81, 84-97 its effects on gilds, 82 intimate connection of later companies with corporation, 85-6, 99, 105, 120-22 they retain many of old gild characteristics, 87-8, 108-9 though altered conditions make their work difficult, 88, 98 and companies themselves are unsatisfactory, 98-102, 105 they change to capitalist companies, 103-5 from which journeymen are excluded, 106 difficulties of reform, 107-8 contemporaneous opinion of, at end of 18th century, 109-12 destruction of, 136-137 return to organisation partly on gild principles, 141-144 Craftsman of middle ages, 49 degraded by Reformation, 75 Cranmer, 68 Criccieth, 26 Crispin and Crispianus, 118, 125 Custumarii, 147 Cyveiliog, Earl of, 26 Davies, Thomas, 92 Denbigh, 27 Derby, 25 Despenser, le, 27 Devizes, 26 Devon, 150 Dixon, Canon, 71 Domesday Book, 11, 148 Doncaster, 28 Dover, 12 Drapers, 29, 32-3, 59, 73, 83-4, 90-7, 99, 101, 108-9, 126, 131 Dugdale, 116 Dunheved or Launceston, 26 Dunwich, 25 Durham, 25 Bp of, 26 Dutch, 82 Dyer, 38 Ecclesiastical Commissioners, 141 Edward the Confessor, 12 Edward I., 16, 26, 27, 35, 58 his conquest of Wales, 2, 146, 154 Edward II., 27 Edward III., 27, 35, 59 Edward IV., 28, 38, 42, 58, 59, 62, 65, 79, 82, 117, 154 Edward VI.'s confiscation of gild property, 33, 62, 67, 118 Elizabeth, 35, 76-79, 81, 84, 86, 117, 118 Enclosures, 78 "England the birthplace of Gilds", 9 English Gilds differ from continental, 5, 9, 20, 21 Ethelred, 13 Exchequer, 11 Exeter, 84 Fairs, freedom of trading at, 15, 146 Family sometimes considered the germ of the Gild, 7 Farquhar, 123 Faversham, 81 n. Feasts of Gilds, 13, 44, 111 Fee Farm or firma burgi, 17, 18, 19, 22 Fellmongers, 39 Feltmakers, 99 Fire-engine supported by gilds, 106, 137 Fishmongers, 29, 59